Diversity of diseases of rice (Oryza sativa) in Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia
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Abstract. Sopialena, Sofian, Nurdiana J. 2019. Diversity of diseases of rice (Oryza sativa) in Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 3: 55-62. This research aimed to identify the diversity of diseases that are becoming the main threat to four paddy varieties in Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia. Though similar studies have been conducted, to our knowledge, this research brings significant findings related to the diverse categories of plant diseases in the specific geographical area. The study was performed in Sidomulyo village, Anggana district using a purposive sampling method. From the selected paddy fields in the size of 2x2 square meters, the samples then were identified. Further analysis was performed on every suspected infected part of the plants. The results showed that there are five dominant plant diseases found, i.e., Blast disease, brown spot, narrow brown spot, false smut, and Sheath blight. Whereas the main cause of the diseases recorded are fungus and bacteria, i.e., Pyricularia grisae (Cke) Sacc., Cercospora oryzae Miyake., Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn., Helminthosporium oryzae L., Ustilaginoidea virens (Cke) Tak.), and Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae Dye.
2017-01-01
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References
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Zhang H, Xu F, Hu H, Dai X. 2017. Progress of potato staple food research and industry development in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 16(12): 2924-2932
Akhavan A, Bahar M, Askarian H, Lak MR, Nazemi A, Zamani Z. 2013. Bean common bacterial blight: pathogen epiphytic life and effect of irrigation practices. Springerplus 2(1):41.
Albuquerque P, Caridade CM, Marcal AR, et al. 2011. Identification of Xanthomonas fragariae, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, and Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. fuscans with novel markers and using a dot blot platform coupled with automatic data analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol 77(16):5619-28.
Amir, M, Santoso, A Nasution, dan B Kusdianto. 2003. Pemetaan Pyricularia grisea di Daerah Endemik Blas di Sentra Produksi Padi Sawah dan Padi Gogo. Laporan Akhir Tahun Balitpa, Balitbangtan, Departemen Pertanian.
Ariyanto EF, Abadi AL, Djauhari S. 2013. Keanekaragaman jamur endofit pada daun tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) dengan sistem pengelolaan hama terpadu (PHT) dan konvensional di Desa Bayem, Kecamatan Kasembon, Kabupaten Malang. Jurnal HPT 1(2): 37-51
Badan Pusat Statiktik. 2016. Statistik Indonesia. BPS-Statistics Indonesia
Bansal K, Midha S, Kumar S, Patil PB. 2017. Ecological and evolutionary insights into Xanthomonas citri pathovar diversity. Appl Environ Microbiol 83:e02993-16
Bantacut T. 2014. Indonesian Staple Food Adaptations For Sustainability in Continuously Changing Climates 4.
Biswas MK, Quiry S, Ghosh T. 2018. Role of abiotic factors on the development of rice Brown spot caused by bipolaris oryzae (breda de haan) shoemaker. Bionature 38(2): 86-95.
Bolton MD, Panella L, Campbell L, Khan MFR. 2010. Temperature, Moisture, and Fungicide Effects in Managing Rhizoctonia Root and Crown Rot of Sugar Beet. Phytopathology 100:689-697
Cao XQ, Wang JY, Zhou L, Chen B, Jin Y, He YW. 2018. Biosynthesis of the yellow xanthomonadin pigments involves an ATP-dependent 3-hydroxybenzoic acid: acyl carrier protein ligase and an unusual type II polyketide synthase pathway. Mol Microbiol 110(1): 16-32
Channakeshava C, Pankaja NS. 2018. Effect of Media, Temperature, Light, pH and Nutrient Source on Growth
and Development of Bipolaris oryzae Causing Brown Leaf Spot of Paddy. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 7(7): 1713-1722
Dinas Pangan, Tanaman pangan dan hortikultura. 2017. Laporan Tahunan. Dinas Pangan, Tanaman pangan dan hortikultur Provinsi Kalimantan Timur.
Fan J, Guo XY, Li L, Huang F, Sun WX, Li Y, Huang YY, Xu YJ, ShiJ, Lei Y, Zheng AP, Wang WM. 2015. Infection of Ustilaginoidea virensintercepts rice seed formation but activates grain-?lling-related genes.J Integr Plant Biol 57: 577–590
Gao F, Dai C. Liu X. 2010. Mechanisms of Fungal Endophytes in Plant Protection against Pathogens. African Journal of Microbiology Research 4 (13): 1346–1351.
Iqbal MF, Hussain M, Waqar MQ. 2015. Evaluation of best fungicide for controlling brown leaf spot in transplanted rice. Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci 2(7): 44-48
Jayanthi P, Edirisinghe, Channa NBB. 2006. Rice fields: an ecosystem rich in biodiversity. J.Natn. Sci. Foundation Srilanka 34(2):57-59.
Karavina C, Mandumbu R, Parwada C, Tibugari H. 2011. A review of the occurrence, biology and management of
common bacterial blight. Journal of Agricultural Technology 7(6): 1459-1474.
Kihoro J, Bosco NJ, Murage H, Ateka E, Makihara D. 2013. Investigating the impact of rice blast disease on the livelihood of the local farmers in greater Mwea region of Kenya. SpringerPlus 2(1): 308.
Madbouly AK, Boari A, Vurro M, Gebreel HM, Abouzeid MA. 2014. Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani causing stem canker disease of potato using rhizosphere mold fungi. International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research 4(6): 34-45.
Mahmud H, Hossain I, Ahmad MU. 2018. Plant Extracts, BAU-Biofungicide and Fungicides in Controlling Some Important Diseases of Rice cv. BRRI Dhan40. Am J Phytomed Clin Ther 6(2):7
Mareza E, Djafar ZR, Suwignyo RA, Wijaya A. 2016. Rice ratoon yield response to main crops cutting height in tidal swamp using direct seeding system. Agrivitas Journal of Agricultural Science 38(2): 126-132
Purnomo B. 2013.Organisme Pengganggu Utama Pada Tanaman Padi dan Cara Pengendaliannya. Koordinasi Penanggulangan OPT/DPT Padi 27-28 Juni 2013. Prov. Bengkulu
Remans R, Wood SA, Saha N, Anderman TL, DeFries RS. 2014. Measuring nutritional diversity of national food supplies. Global Food Security 3(3–4):174–82.
Rodriguez RJ, White JF, Arnold AE, Redman RS. 2009. Fungal endophytes: diversity and functional roles. New Phytologist. 182:314– 330.
Saunders M, Glenn AE, Kohn LM. 2010. Exploring the evolutionary ecology of fungal endophytes in agricultural systems: using functional traits to reveal mechanisms in community processes. Evol Appl 3: 525-537.
Setyo P, Elly J. 2018. Problems Analysis on Increasing Rice Production Through Food Estate Program in Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 147 012043
Siregar AF, Husnain, Sato K, Wakatsuki T, Masunaga T. 2016. Empirical Study on Effect of Silicon Application on Rice Blast Disease and Plant Morphology in Indonesia. Journal of Agriculture Science 8(6): 137-148
Sopialena, Pratiwi JP. 2017. Study of climatic factors on the population dynamics of Pyricularia oryzae on some varieties of paddy rize (Oryza sativa). Biodiversitas 18(2): 701-708.
Sopialena, Suyadi, Sahil M, Nurdiana J. 2018a. The diversity of endophytic fungi associated with Piper nigrum in the tropical areas: a recent study from Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19(6): 2028-2034
Sopialena, Surya S, Rosfiansyah, Nurdiana J. 2018b. The role of neem leaves as organic pesticides in chili pepper (Capsium frutescens). Nusantara Bioscience 10(4): 246-250
Stringer, Christina E.; Krauss, Ken W.; Latimer, James S., eds. 2016. Headwaters to estuaries: advances in watershed science and management—Proceedings of the Fifth Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds. March 2-5, 2015, North Charleston, South Carolina. e-Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-211. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 302 p.
Susilastuti D. 2018. The Effect of Jajar Legowo Planting System on Ciherang Paddy Varieties. AGRITROPICA 1(1-8).
Suyadi, Sopialena, Nurdiana J, Suryadi A, Rosfiansyah, Waluyo S. 2017. Genus Nematoda Entomoparogen pada lahan lebak padi sawah (Oriza sativa L.) di kecamatan Muara Wis Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. Proceeding of Konferensi Antarbangsa Islam Borneo. Mulawarman University, Samarinda, 25 September 2017.
Tirtana ZYG, Sulistyowati L, Cholil A. 2013. Eksplorasi jamur endofit pada tanaman kentang (solanum tuberosum L) serta potensi antagonismenya terhadap phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Barry penyebab penyakit hawar daun secara in vitro. Jurnal HPT 1(3): 91-101
Wahyuno D, Florina D, Manohara D. 2017. Cendawan endofit akar lada untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan menekan busuk pangkal batang benih lada. Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat 28(1) : 57-64
Widyanti A, Sunaryo I, Kumalasari AD. 2014. Reducing the dependency on rice staple food in Indonesia- a behavior intervention approach. J. ISSAAS 20(1): 93-103
Chang X., DeFries RS, Liu L, Davis K. 2018. Understanding dietary and staple food transitions in China from multiple scales. PloS one, 13(4), e0195775.
Zhang H, Xu F, Hu H, Dai X. 2017. Progress of potato staple food research and industry development in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 16(12): 2924-2932