Short Communication: Survival and growth of mono and mixed species plantations on the Coromandel coast of India
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Abstract. Anbarashan M, Padmavathy A, Alexandar R. 2017. Short Communication: Survival and growth of monoculture and mixed-species plantations on the Coromandel coast of India. Asian J For 1: 70-76. There exists very little information on the growth of autochthonous tree species in the tropics, and when it is compared to monoculture plantations. The aim of this study was to compare the variation in growth parameters between the mixed-species plantation and mono species plantation. The survival and growth in terms of height and girth of 82 autochthonous mixed-species plantations were compared with Casuarina equisetifolia, an exotic species broadly planted in this region after over a decade (2006 to 2016). In the mixed-species plantation, seven species showed 100% survival rate and 19 species were not survived after 10-year intervals. In the mono species plantation, Casuarina equisetifolia had 92% survival rate. When it is compared to the monoculture plantation, the growth rate of mixed-species plantation showed highly significant differences (P < 0: 05) values. Simple linear regression between annual girth increment and height produced very strong positive relations (R2 0.759). Plantations of Casuarina equisetifolia seem to be well adapted to the coastal region, especially in the Coromandel coast of India. On the other hand, mixed plantations with autochthonous species would contribute more to sustainable management because they provide a greater range of ecological goods and ecosystem services than single-species plantations.
2017-01-01
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References
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2011. Large-scale ecological restoration of high-diversity tropical
forests in SE Brazil. For Ecol Manag 261 (10): 1605-1613.
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E-D, editors. Forest Diversity and Function. Ecol Studies. Springer,
Berlin.
Schneider T, Ashton M, Montagnini F, Milan P. 2014. Growth
performance of sixty tree species in smallholder reforestation trials on
Leyte, Philippines. New Forests 45 (1): 83-96.
Semwal RL, Nautiyal S, Maikhuri RK, Rao KS, Saxena KG. 2013.
Growth and carbon stocks of multipurpose tree species plantations in
degraded lands in Central Himalaya, India. For Ecol Manag 310: 450-
459.
Vivek P, Parthasarathy N, Monica P. 2016. Short-term girth increment in
tree species of Tropical Dry Evergreen forest on the Coromandel
Coast of India. J Global Ecol Environ 4 (3): 147-152.
Wormald TJ. 1992. Mixed and Pure Forest Plantations in the Tropics and
Subtropics, no. 103. FAO, Rome.
Wuethrich B. 2007. Biodiversity: reconstructing Brazil’s Atlantic
rainforest. Science 315: 1070-1072.
2001. Restoration pathways for rain forest in southwest Sri Lanka: a
review of concepts and models. For Ecol Manag 154: 409-430.
Baker TR, Phillips OL, Malhi Y, Almeida S, Arroyo L, Di Fiore A. 2004.
Variation in wood density determines spatial patterns in Amazonian
forest biomass. Global Ch Biol 10 (5): 545-62.
Benayas JMR, Newton AC, Diaz A., Bullock JM. 2009. Enhancement of
biodiversity and ecosystem services by ecological restoration: a metaanalysis. Science 325: 1121-1124.
Butterfield R. 1996. Early species selection for tropical reforestation: a
consideration of stability. For Ecol Manag 81: 161-168.
Calvo-Alvarado JC, Arias D, Richter DD. 2007. Early growth
performance of autochthonous and introduced fast-growing tree
species in wet to sub-humid climates of the Southern region of Costa
Rica. For Ecol Manag 242: 227-235.
Corlett RT. 1999. Environmental forestry in Hong Kong: 1871-1997. For
Ecol Manag 116: 93-105.
Forrester DI, Theiveyanathan S, Collopy JJ, Marcar NE. 2010. Enhanced
water use efficiency in a mixed Eucalyptus globulus and Acacia
mearnsii plantation. For Ecol Manag 259 (9): 1761-1770.
Guariguata MR, Rheingans R, Montagnini F. 1995. Early woody invasion
under tree plantations in Costa Rica: implications for forest
restoration. Restor Ecol 3: 252-260.
Herbohn JL, Vanclay J, Nguyen H, Le HD, Baynes JR, Harrison S,
Cedamon E, Smith C, Firn J, Gregorio NO, Mangaoang E, Lamarre
E. 2104. Inventory Procedures for Smallholder and Community
Woodlots in the Philippines: Methods, Initial Findings and Insights.
Small-scale For 13: 79-100.
Hooper DU, Chapin FS, Ewel JJ, Hector A, Inchausti P, Lavorel S,
Lawton JH, Lodge DM, Loreau M, Naeem S, Schmid B, Setälä H,
Symstad AJ, Vandermeer J, Wardle DA. 2005. Effects of biodiversity
on ecosystem functioning: a consensus of current knowledge. Ecol
Monogr 75: 3-35.
Hung TD, Herbohn JL, Lamb D, Nhan HD. 2011. Growth and production
varies between pair-wise mixtures and monoculture plantations in
North Viet Nam. For Ecol Manag 262 (3): 440-448.
Keeling HC, Baker TR, Martinez RV, Monteagudo A, Phillips OL. 2008.
Contrasting patterns of diameter and biomass increment across tree
functional groups in Amazonian forests. Oecologia 158: 521-534.
Lamb D, Erskine PD, Parrotta JA. 2005. Restoration of degraded tropical
forest landscapes. Science. 310 (5754): 1628.
Lamb D, Lawrence P. 1993. Mixed species plantations using high value
rainforest trees in Australia. In: Lieth, H., Lohmann, M. (Eds.),
Restoration of Tropical Forest Ecosystems. Kluwer Academic
Publishers, Nederland.
Lawson SS, Michler CH. 2014. Afforestation, restoration and regeneration
? Not all trees are created equal. J For Res 25 (1): 3-20.
Le Maire G, Nouvellon Y, Christina M, Ponzoni FJ, GoncËalves JLM,
Bouillet JP. 2013. Tree and stand light use efficiencies over a full
rotation of single-and mixed-species Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia
mangium plantations. For Ecol Manag 288: 31-42.
Breugel MV, Hall JS, Craven DJ, Gregoire TG, Park A, Dent DH,
Wishnie MH, Mariscal E, Deago J, Ibarra D, Cedeno N, Ashton MS.
2011. Early growth and survival of 49 tropical tree species across
sites differing in soil fertility and rainfall in Panama. For Ecol Manag
261: 1580-1589.
Miya H, Yoshida T, Noguchi M, Nakamura F. 2009. Individual growing
conditions that affect diameter increment of tree saplings after
selection harvesting in a mixed forest in Northern Japan. J For Res
14: 302-310.
Montagnini F, Gonzalez E, Rheingans R, Porras C. 1995. Mixed and pure
forest plantations in the humid neotropics: a comparison of early
growth, pest damage and establishment costs. Commonwealth For
Rev 74 (4): 306-314.
Nakashizuka T. 2001. Species coexistence in temperate, mixed deciduous
forests. Trends Ecol Evol 16 (4): 205-210.
Nguyen H, Vanclay J, Herbohn J, Firn N. 2016. Drivers of Tree Growth,
Mortality and Harvest Preferences in Species-Rich Plantations for
Smallholders and Communities in the tropics. PLoS One. 11 (10),
e0164957.
Nichols JD, Bristow M, Vanclay JK. 2006. Mixed-species plantations:
Prospects and challenges. For Ecol Manag 233 (23): 383-390.
Park A, van Breugel M, Ashton, PMS, Mariscal E, Deago J, Ibarra D,
Cede˜no N, Hall JS. 2010. Local and regional environmental variation
influences the growth of tropical trees in selection trials in the
Republic of Panama. For Ecol Manag 260: 12-21.
Parrotta JA, Knowles OH. 1999. Restoration of Tropical Moist Forests on
Bauxite-Mined Lands in the Brazilian Amazon. Restor Ecol 7 (2):
103-116.
Puettmann KJ, Tappeiner JC. 2014. Multi-scale assessments highlight
silvicultural opportunities to increase species diversity and spatial
variability in forests. Forestry. 87 (1): 1-10.
Radosevich SR, Hibbs DE, Ghersa CM. 2006. Effects of species mixtures
on growth and stand development of Douglas-fir and red alder.
Canadian J For Res 36 (3): 768-782.
Rodrigues J, de Castro M, Cancho VG, Balakrishnan N. 2009. COMPoisson cure rate survival models and an application to a cutaneous
melanoma data. J Statistic Plann Infer 139 (10): 3605-3611.
Rodrigues RR, Gandolfi S, Nave AG, Aronson J, Barreto TE, Vidal CY.
2011. Large-scale ecological restoration of high-diversity tropical
forests in SE Brazil. For Ecol Manag 261 (10): 1605-1613.
Scherer-Lorenzen M, Potvin C, Koricheva J, Schmid B, Hector A, Bornik
Z. 2005. The Design of Experimental Tree Plantations for Functional
Biodiversity Research. In: Scherer-Lorenzen M, KoÈrner C, Schulze
E-D, editors. Forest Diversity and Function. Ecol Studies. Springer,
Berlin.
Schneider T, Ashton M, Montagnini F, Milan P. 2014. Growth
performance of sixty tree species in smallholder reforestation trials on
Leyte, Philippines. New Forests 45 (1): 83-96.
Semwal RL, Nautiyal S, Maikhuri RK, Rao KS, Saxena KG. 2013.
Growth and carbon stocks of multipurpose tree species plantations in
degraded lands in Central Himalaya, India. For Ecol Manag 310: 450-
459.
Vivek P, Parthasarathy N, Monica P. 2016. Short-term girth increment in
tree species of Tropical Dry Evergreen forest on the Coromandel
Coast of India. J Global Ecol Environ 4 (3): 147-152.
Wormald TJ. 1992. Mixed and Pure Forest Plantations in the Tropics and
Subtropics, no. 103. FAO, Rome.
Wuethrich B. 2007. Biodiversity: reconstructing Brazil’s Atlantic
rainforest. Science 315: 1070-1072.