Antibacterial activity on hand sanitizer spray of ethanolic leaf Sambiloto extract (Andrographis paniculata) against Staphylococcus aureus

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Vol. 20 No. 2 (2023)
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Articles

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DEWI AMINAH
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia
ARI SUSILOWATI ♥
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia
RATNA SETYANINGSIH
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Susilowati A, Aminah D. 2023. Antibacterial activity on hand sanitizer spray of ethanolic leaf Sambiloto extract (Andrographis paniculata) against Staphylococcus aureus. Asian J Trop Biotechnol 20: 50-55. Sambiloto leaves, known as the king of bitters, contain andrographolide and flavonoid compounds that can be antibacterial. Sambiloto leaf extract is formulated into spray preparations as antibacterial active ingredients derived from herbal plants and is an alternative to alcohol-based antiseptics. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of a hand sanitizer spray preparation of Sambiloto leaf extract and its activity in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Bitter leaf extract was added to the formulation of hand sanitizer spray with concentrations of 10, 15, and 20% with carbopol 940 base, triethanolamine, propylparaben, propylene glycol, and methylparaben. Physical evaluation of hand sanitizer spray was examined based on color, texture, aroma, pH, homogeneity, and adhesion. The inhibitory power of spray hand sanitizer was determined based on the diffusion method's diameter of the inhibition zone. The physical evaluation showed that the hand sanitizer results followed the good spray criteria. The three spray formulations can inhibit S. aureus with a weak inhibitory category (<0.05); the highest reduction in microbes was recorded in formulation 3 (59.25%). Based on ANCOVA analysis, there were significant differences between spray treatments, which were influenced by differences in covariates. The result of paired t-test analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the number of bacteria before and after spray treatment.

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