Characterization, fractionation and functional properties of Acacia oerfota gum

Abstract

Abstract. Ahmed ME, Osman ME, Hassan EA. 2021. Characterization, fractionation, and functional properties of Acacia oerfota gum. Asian J Trop Biotechnol 18: 1-12. Thirty gum samples were collected at two locations around Senga and Wadel Hadad, Sudan during 2015. Fifteen samples of Acacia oerfota were taken from each location. For the fifteen samples, four composite samples were made for each position by mixing. Chemical, physicochemical, rheological behavior, distribution of molecular weight and molecular weight, and emulsification properties of A. oerfota gum were all performed. The results show the range for moisture content (11.8-13.1%), protein percentage (2.19-3.93%), tannin (268-292 ppm), acid equivalent weight (2941-5357), total uronic acid percentage (3.62-6.60%). The percentage of Senga's cationic composition was calcium 0.287, potassium 0.131, strontium 0.004, and iron 0.010. While the percentage of Wadel Hadad had a caionic composition of calcium 0.242, potassium 0.145, strontium 0.005, sulphur 0.002, and iron 0.001. The rheological actions of A. oerfota gum demonstrates Newtonian conduct (when applied stress is removed, the molecular form is restored). For the two composite sites of Senga and Wadel Hadad, oerfota gum varied between 1.68x105 and 1.80x105 g/mol respectively. The molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC-MALLS).  This was 6.23x105 g/mole and 9.59x105 g/mole for the two sites. Samples of A. oerfota gum obtained from the Senga location indicate three fractions; Arabinogalactan protein (AGP) with a molecular weight of 1.11% by 4.77x105 mass and Rg 50%. The second and third fractions (Arabinogalactan AG + Glycoprotein GP) were 5.76x105 g/mole molecular weight, 98.89 percent mass. For A, GPC-MALLS. An AGP with a molecular weight of 4.19x105, percent mass 0.84, and Rg 187 is shown by A. oerfota gum samples obtained from Wadel Hadad. The second and third fractions had a molecular weight of 8.24x105 g/mole, 99.16 percent mass (AG + GP). Both emulsions exhibit broad droplet size, displaying a standard distribution of bimodal droplet size with a pronounced shoulder representing weak uniformity and unstable emulsions.