Antibacterial activity of Plantago major leaves against Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 as a cause of tonsilitis

Abstract

Abstract. Astuti AD, Etikawati N, Pangastuti A. 2020. Antibacterial activity of Plantago major leaves against Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC 19615) as a cause of tonsilitis. Bioteknologi 17: 14-21. Lymphatic organs are organs that play a role in the immune system. One such lymphatic organ is tonsils which are in the esophagus.  Tonsils are for the body's defense against infection. Tonsils can become inflamed from bacteria or viruses. One of bacteria that causes tonsillitis is Streptococcus pyogenes. The prevalence of tonsillitis in various countries, especially developing countries, is high.  Therefore, prevention and treatment must be carried out appropriately with the use of natural materials for treatment continues to be developed. Plantago major L. is a weed that has antibacterial bioactivity, so it potentially can become a tonsillitis drug. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of P. major ethanol extract on the growth of S. pyogenes ATCC 19615 bacteria and the class of chemical compounds of P. major ethanol extract. The antibacterial activity test used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 7 treatment groups, namely 5 variations in the concentration of P. major ethanol extract, a positive control group, and a negative control group with three repetitions. Variations in concentration of P. major ethanol extract, namely 125 mg/mL, 250 mg/mL, 500 mg/mL, 750 mg/mL, and 1000 mg/mL as much as 30 ?l with positive control of Bacitracin disc and negative control of DMSO 10% 30 ?l. The method used was the well method and the clear zone was measured using a caliper. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively using the Analysis of Variance One-Way Anova using SPSS. Based on the One-Way Anova test and continued with Duncan's test, a significance value of 0.000 <0.05 was obtained, thus it was said to be significant. The ethanolic extract of P. major was able to inhibit the growth of S. pyogenes ATCC 19615 at concentrations of 250 mg/mL, 500 mg/mL, and 750 mg/mL, and 1000 mg/mL. Based on the thin layer chromatography test, the ethanolic extract of P. major contains a class of flavonoid compounds, alkaloids, steroids, phenols, tannins, and terpenoids.