Distribution, occurrence and molecular characterization of Bacillus related species isolated from different soil in Basrah Province, Iraq

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##

PDF
DOI https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230209
Issue
Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Section
Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

NASSIR ABDULLAH ALYOUSIF ♥
Department of Ecology, College of Science, University of Basrah. Basrah, Iraq

Abstract

Abstract. Alyousif NA. 2021. Distribution, occurrence and molecular characterization of Bacillus related species isolated from different soil in Basrah Province, Iraq. Biodiversitas 23: 679-686. Bacillus related species are widely predominant in various environments such as soil with diverse environmental conditions. These bacteria are one of the most explored groups of bacteria in industrial biotechnology due to their enzymes. The present study was aimed to isolate, screen and determine the distribution of Bacillus related species from soil samples. The total Bacillus related species counts in one gram of each soil sample ranged between 3.2 X 103 cfu/g and 4 X 103 cfu/g. A total of 43 isolates with different morphologies were isolated from the soil samples out of ten different habitats and the number of morphotypes recovered from each habitat varied from 2 to 7. The molecular identification of isolates by PCR technique and sequencing of 16S rDNA gene indicated that 43 isolates belonged to the genera Bacillus, Cytobacillus, Priestia and Peribacillus. The species Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis were the most distributed species in the habitats. The bacterial isolates were showed 100% similarity, except 8 isolates were showed 99% similarity were identified as new strains and their sequences were deposited at the National Center for Biotechnical Information (NCBI). The phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA X software based on 16S rDNA gene sequences of Bacillus related species to evaluate their close relationship and evolution. The study revealed the higher diversity and distribution of Bacillus related species in the soil samples and the molecular technique was the best method for identifying Bacillus related species.

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

References
Al-Dhabaan F. 2019. Morphological, biochemical and molecular identification of petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation bacteria isolated from oil polluted soil in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia Sau j bio Sci 26(6): 1247-1252.
Alyousif NA, AL-Luaibi YYY, Hussein W. 2020. Distribution and molecular characterization of biosurfactant-producing bacteria. Biodivers J 21: 4034-4040. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210914.
Amin M, Rakhisi Z, Ahmady AZ. 2015. Isolation and identification of Bacillus species from soil and evaluation of their antibacterial properties. Avicenna J Clin Microb Infec 2(1): e23233. DOI: 10.17795/ajcmi-23233.
Celandroni F, Salvetti S, Gueye SA, Mazzantini D, Lupetti A, Senesi S, Ghelardi E. 2016. Identification and Pathogenic Potential of Clinical Bacillus and Paenibacillus Isolates. PLoS One 11(3): e0152831. Doi: 10.1371/journal.
pone.0152831.
Chalasani AG, Dhanarajan G, Nema S, Sen R, Roy U. 2015. An antimicrobial metabolite from Bacillus sp.: Significant activity against pathogenic bacteria including multidrug-resistant clinical strains. Front Microbiol 6: 1335.
Chilcott CN, Wigley PJ. 1993. Isolation and toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis from soil and insect habitats in New Zealand. J Invertebr Pathol 61, 244–247.
Cihan AC, Tekin N, Ozcan B, Cokmus C. 2012. The genetic diversity of genus Bacillus and the related genera revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequences and ARDRA analyses isolated from geothermal regions of Turkey. Braz J Microbiol 43(1): 309–324. Doi:10.1590/S1517-83822012000100037.
Foysal MJ, Lisa AK. 2018. Isolation and characterization of Bacillus sp. strain BC01 from soil displaying potent antagonistic activity against plant and fish pathogenic fungi and bacteria. J Genet Eng Biotechnol. Doi: 10.1016/j.jgeb.
01.005.
Gatson JW, Benz BF, Chandrasekaran C, Satomi M, Venkateswaran K, Hart ME. 2006. Bacillus tequilensis sp. nov., isolated from a 2000-year-old Mexican shaft-tomb, is closely related to Bacillus subtilis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56(7), 1475–1484. Doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63946-0.
Ge CB, Zheng R, Liu B, Liu GH, Che JM, Tang JY. 2016. Diversity and distribution of cultivable Bacillus-like species in soils collected from Wuyishan Nature Reserve. Biodivers Sci 24: 1164–1176. Doi: 10.17520/ biods.2016085.
Gopal N, Hill C, Ross PR, Beresford TP, Fenelon MA, Cotter PD. 2015. The prevalence and control of Bacillus and related spore-forming bacteria in the dairy industry. Front Microbiol 6: 1418.
Gupta RS, Patel S, Saini N, Chen S. 2020. Robust demarcation of 17 distinct Bacillus species clades, proposed as novel Bacillaceae genera, by phylogenomics and comparative genomic analyses: description of Robertmurraya kyonggiensis sp. nov. and proposal for an emended genus Bacillus limiting it only to the members of the Subtilis and Cereus clades of species. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 70:5753–5798. DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004475.
Hamzah AF, Al-Tamimi WH, Mahdi SS, Alameri NZ. 2020. Isolation and identification new bacterial strains isolated from different sources of Al-Rafidiyah oil field in Iraq. Catrina 21(1): 15-22.
Jeßberger N, Krey VM, Rademacher C, Böhm M-E, Mohr A-K, Ehling-Schulz M, Scherer S, Martlbauer E. 2015. From genome to toxicity: a combinatory approach highlights the complexity of enterotoxin production in Bacillus cereus. Front Microbiol 6. Doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00560.
Ko KS, Oh WS, Lee MY, Lee JH, Lee H, Peck KR, Lee NY, Song J-H. 2006. Bacillus infantis sp. nov. and Bacillus idriensis sp. nov., isolated from a patient with neonatal sepsis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56(11): 2541–2544. Doi:10.1099/ijs.0.64213-0.
Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K. 2018. MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. Mol Biol Evol 35:1547-1549.
Li H, Zhong Q, Wirth S, Wang W, Hao Y, Wu S, Zou H, Li W, Wang G. 2014. Diversity of autochthonous bacterial communities in the intestinal mucosa of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) (Valenciennes) determined by culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques. Aquac Res 46 (10): 2344-2359.
Liu GH, Liu B, Zhu YJ, Che JM, Su MX, Tang JY. 2016. Diversity of Bacillus-like species in Taiwan. Biodivers Sci 24, 1154–1163. Doi: 10.17520/biods.
Liu M, Cui Y, Chen Y-q, Lin X, Huang H-q, Bao S. 2016. Diversity of Bacillus-like bacterial community in the sediments of the Bamenwan mangrove wetland in Hainan, China. Can J Microbiol cjm-2016-0449. Doi:10.1139/cjm-2016-0449.
Liu Y, Du J, Lai Q, Zeng R, Ye D, Xu J Shao Z. 2017. Proposal of nine novel species of the Bacillus cereus group. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 67:2499–2508. DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001821.
Liu J, Cui X, Liu Z, Guo Z, Yu Z, Yao Q, Sui Y, Jin J, Liu X, Wang G. 2019. The diversity and geographic distribution of cultivable Bacillus-like bacteria across black soils of northeast China. Front Microbiol 10:1424. Doi: 10.3389
/fmicb.2019.01424.
Mandic-Mulec I, Stefanic P, van Elsas JD. 2016. “Ecology of Bacillaceae,” in The Bacterial Spore: From Molecules to Systems, eds P. Eichenberger and A. Driks (Washington, DC: ASM Press) 59–85.
McHugh AJ, Feehily C, Colin H, Cotter PD. 2017. Detection and Enumeration of Spore-Forming Bacteria in Powdered Dairy Products. Front Microbiol 8:109. Doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00109.
Miyoshi T, Iwatsuki T, Naganuma T. 2005. Phylogenetic characterization of 16S rRNA gene clones from deep-groundwater microorganisms that pass through 0.2-micrometer pore-size filters. Appl Environ Microbiol 71 (2): 1084-1088. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.71.2.1084- 1088.2005.
Najafi MBH, Pezeshki NP. 2013. Bacterial mutation; types, mechanisms and mutant detection methods: a review. Eur Sci J 4: 628-638.
Palmisano MM, Nakamura LK, Duncan KE, Istock CA, Cohan FM. 2001. Bacillus sonorensis sp. nov., a close relative of Bacillus licheniformis, isolated from soil in the Sonoran Desert, Arizona. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51: 1671–1679.
Patel S, Gupta RS. 2020. A phylogenomic and comparative genomic framework for resolving the polyphyly of the genus Bacillus: Proposal for six new genera of Bacillus species, Peribacillus gen. nov., Cytobacillus gen. nov., Mesobacillus gen. nov., Neobacillus gen. nov., Metabacillus gen. nov. and Alkalihalobacillus gen. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 0:406–438, DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003775.
Pignatelli M, Moya A, Tamames J. 2009. EnvDB, a database for describing the environmental distribution of prokaryotic taxa. Environ Microbiol Rep 1(3):191–197. Doi:10.1111/j.1758-2229.2009.00030.x.
Saxena AK, Karthikeyan N, Rajawat MVS. 2017. Microbial interventions for improving phosphorus and potassium nutrition in plants. Indian J Fertilisers 13: 128– 137.
Saxena AK, Kumar M, Chakdar H, Anuroopa N, Bagyaraj DJ. 2019. Bacillus species in soil as a natural resource for plant health and nutrition. J Appl Microbiol 128: 1583-1594. Doi:10.1111/jam.14506.
Srinivasan R, Karaoz U, Volegova M, MacKichan J, Kato-Maeda M, Miller S, Nadarajan R, Brodie EL, Lynch SV. 2015. Use of 16S rRNA gene for identification of a broad range of clinically relevant bacterial pathogens. PLoS One 10(2): e0117617. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117617.
Yahya G, Ebada A, Khalaf EM, Mansour B, Nouh NA, Mosbah RA, Saber S, Moustafa M, Negm S, El-Sokkary MMA, El-Baz AM. 2021. Soil-Associated Bacillus Species: A Reservoir of Bioactive Compounds with Potential Therapeutic Activity against Human Pathogens. Microorganisms 9: 1131. Doi.org/10.3390/ microorganisms9061131.
Yadav S, Kumar A, Gupta M, Maitra SS. 2018. Cross-Reactivity of Prokaryotic 16S rDNA-Specific Primers to Eukaryotic DNA: Mistaken Microbial Community Profiling in Environmental Samples. Current microbiol 1-8. Doi:10.1007/s00284-018-1482-4.