Human-wildlife interactions in a major tourist destination: Manuel Antonio National Park, Costa Rica
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Issue
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Abstract. Porras-Murillo LP, Wong G, Chacón IS. 2022. Human-wildlife interactions in a major tourist destination: Manuel Antonio National Park, Costa Rica. Biodiversitas 23: 2417-2425. This study characterized the interactions between tourists and wildlife in terms of the most common interactions and the species that interact the most. Interactions were observed during 65 sampling days between 2012 and 2020. In each event, the following data were recorded: date, time (hour), site, type of interaction, and species that participated. To characterize the interactions, the effects of the day of the week, the season, the daily period, and the site on the number of daily interactions were evaluated. Also, to understand the more frequent interactions, the effect of species and type of interaction on ??the number of daily interactions were evaluated. The results indicated more interactions in the dry season, between 10 am and 2 pm, at Manuel Antonio Beach, Costa Rica. Although interactions were recorded for 39 species, white-faced monkey and raccoon were the species with the most interactions. Raccoons had more interactions related to food than the tourists called or approached them; white-faced monkeys had a similar number of interactions in these categories. Interactions between tourists and wildlife in the Manuel Antonio National Park (PNMA), Costa Rica, coincide with the times and places in the park with the highest concentration of tourists. Therefore, there is evidence of the need to promote tourism with appropriate behavior of observation and respectful appreciation of wildlife, and the use of more sectors of the park is essential to avoid damage to fauna.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
References
Blanc R, Guillemain M, Mouranval JB, Desmonts D, Fritz H. 2006. Effects of non-consumptive leisure disturbance to wildlife. Revue Ecologie La Terre et la Vie 61: 117-133.
Boinski S, Sirot L. 1997. Uncertain conservation status of squirrel monkeys in Costa Rica, Saimiri oerstedi oerstedi and Saimiri oerstedi citrinellus. Folia Primatol 68: 181-193. DOI: 10.1159/000157245.
Boza MA. 1992. Los Parques Nacionales de Costa Rica. Incafo, Madrid. [Spain]
Broadbent EN, Zambrano AM, Dirzo R, Durham WH, Driscoll L, Gallagher P, Salters R, Schultz J, Colmenares A, Randolph SG. 2012. The effect of land use change and ecotourism on biodiversity: A case study of Manuel Antonio, Costa Rica, from 1985 to 2008. Landsc Ecol 27: 731-744. DOI: 10.1007/s10980-012-9722-7.
Burnham KP, Anderson DR. 2002. Model Selection and Multi-Model Inference: A practical Information-Theoretic Approach. Second Edition. Springer Verlag, New York.
Carne C, Semple S, Maclarnon A, Majolo B, Maréchal L. 2017. Implications of tourist–macaque interactions for disease transmission. EcoHealth 14: 704-717.
Carrillo E. 1990. Patrones de movimiento y ha?bitos alimenticios del mapachi?n (Procyon lotor) en el Parque Nacional Manuel Antonio, Costa Rica. [Dissertation]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia. [Costa Rica]
Clua E, Buray N, Legendre P, Mourier J, Planes S. 2010. Effects of provisioning on shark behaviour: Reply to Brunnschweiler & McKenzie. Mar Ecol-Prog Ser 420: 285-288. DOI: 10.3354/meps08940.
Constantine R, Brunton DH, Dennis T. 2004. Dolphin-watching tour boats change bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) behavior. Biol Conserv 117: 299-307. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2003.12.009.
Corcoran MJ, Wetherbee BM, Shivji MS, Potenski MD, Chapman DD, Harvey GM. 2013. Supplemental feeding for ecotourism reverses diel activity and alters movement patterns and spatial distribution of the southern stingray, Dasyatis americana. PLoS ONE. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0059235.
Cox DTC, Gaston KJ 2018. Human-nature interactions and the consequences and drivers of provisioning wildlife. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 373 (1745): 20170092. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0092.
Crofoot MC, Norton TM, Lessnau RG, Viner TC, Chen TC, Mazzaro LM, Yabsley M. 2009. Field anesthesia and health assessment of free-ranging Cebus capucinus in Panama. Intl J Primatol 30: 125-141. DOI: 10.1007/s10764-009-9333-6.
D’Cruze N, Niehaus C, Balaskas M, Vieto R, Carder G, Richardson VA, Moorhouse T, Harrington LA, Macdonald DW. 2018. Wildlife tourism in Latin America: Taxonomy and conservation status. J Sustain Tour 26: 1562-1576. DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2018.1484752.
De Sa? Alves LCP, Andriolo A, Oramns MB, de Freitas A, Azevedo F. 2011. The growth of “Botos Feeding Tourism”, a new tourism industry based on the boto (Amazon River Dolphin) Inia geoffrensis in the Amazonas State, Brazil. Sitientibus Se?rie Cie?ncias Biolo?gicas 11: 8-15. DOI: 10.13102/scb140.
Demeny K, McLoon M, Winesett B, Fastner J, Hammerer E, Pauli JN. 2019. Food subsidies of raccoons (Procyon lotor) in anthropogenic landscapes. Canad J Zool 97: 654-657. DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2018-0286.
Dubois S, Fraser D. 2013. A framework to evaluate wildlife feeding in research, wildlife management, tourism and recreation. Animals 3: 978-994. DOI: 10.3390/ani3040978.
Dyck MG, Baydack RK. 2004. Vigilance behaviour of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the context of wildlife-viewing activities at Churchill, Manitoba, Canada. Biol Conserv 116: 343-350. DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00204-0.
Farber ME, Hall TE. 2007. Emotion and environment: Visitors extraordinary experiences along the Dalton Highway in Alaska. J Leis Res 39: 248. DOI: 10.1080/00222216.2007.11950107.
Ferrera M. 2016. Aspectos ecológicos del mapache (Procyon lotor) y su relación con los turistas en el Parque Nacional Manuel Antonio, Costa Rica. [Dissertation]. Universidad Nacional, Heredia. [Costa Rica]
Hall T. 2000. The effects of tourism on white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) in Manuel Antonio National Park, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. [Dissertation]. Colorado College, Colorado. [USA]
Higham JES, Bejder L. 2008. Managing wildlife-based tourism: Edging slowly towards sustainability? Curr Issues in Tourism 11: 75-83. DOI: 10.2167/cit345.0.
Horn DJ, Johansen SM. 2013. A comparison of bird-feeding practices in the United States and Canada. Wildl Soc Bull 37: 293-300. DOI: 10.1002/wsb.281.
Howard P, Jones DN. 2004. A qualitative study of wildlife feeding in South-east Queensland. In: Lunney D, Burgin S (eds.). Urban Wildlife: More than Meets the Eye. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Mosman, New South Wales. DOI: 10.7882/FS.2004.081.
IUCN.2020. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. https://www.iucnredlist.org/
Jones D. 2011. An appetite for connection: Why we need to understand the effect and value of feeding wild birds. Emu 111: 1-7. DOI: 10.1071/MUv111n2_ED.
Kauffman L. 2014. Interactions between tourists and white-faced monkeys (Cebus capucinus) at Manuel Antonio National Park, Quepos, Costa Rica. In: Russon A, Wallis J (eds.). Primate Tourism: A Tool for Conservation? Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Knight RL, Cole DN. 1995. Wildlife responses to recreation. In: Knight RL, Gutzwiller KJ (eds.). Wildlife and Recreationists: Coexistence through Management and Research. Island Press, Washington, D.C.
Koens JF, Dieperink C, Miranda M. 2009. Ecotourism as a development strategy: Experiences from Costa Rica. Environ Dev Sustain 11: 1225-1237. DOI: 10.1007/s10668-009-9214-3.
Lischka SA, Teel TL, Johnson HE, Reed SE, Breck S, Carlos A, Crooks KR. 2018. A conceptual model for the integration of social and ecological information to understand human-wildlife interactions. Biol Conserv 225: 80-87. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2018.06.020.
Littlejohn K. 2018. Personal Norms and Visitor Compliance: A Case Study of Wildlife Tourism in Manuel Antonio National Park, Costa Rica. [Dissertation]. University of Hawai'i, Honolulu. [USA]
Lott DF. 1996. Feeding wild animals: The urge, the interaction, and the consequences. Anthrozoös 1: 255-257. DOI: 10.2752/089279388787058326.
Mckinney T. 2014. Species-specific responses to tourist interactions by white-faced capuchins (Cebus imitator) and mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata) in a Costa Rican Wildlife Refuge. Intl J Primatol 35: 573-589. DOI: 10.1007/s10764-014-9769-1.
Moorhouse TP, Dahlsjö CAL, Baker SE, D'Cruze NC, Macdonald DW. 2015. The customer isn't always right-conservation and animal welfare implications of the increasing demand for wildlife tourism. PLoS ONE 10 (10): e0138939. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138939.
Muehlenbein MP, Martinez LA, Lemke AA, Ambu L, Nathan S, Alsisto S, Sakong R. 2010. Unhealthy travellers present challenges to sustainable primate ecotourism. Travel Med Infect Dis 8: 169-175. DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2010.03.004.
Newsome D, Dowling RK, Moore SA. 2005. Wildlife Tourism. Clevedon: Channel View Publications, UK. DOI: 10.21832/9781845410087.
Newsome D, Rodger K. 2008. To feed or not to feed: A contentious issue in wildlife tourism. In: Lunney D, Munn A, Meikle W (eds.). Too Close for Comfort: Contentious Issues in Human-Wildlife Encounters. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Mosman, New South Wales. DOI: 10.7882/FS.2008.029.
Oramns MB. 2002. Feeding wildlife as a tourism attraction: A review of issues and impacts. Tour Manag 23: 281-293. DOI: 10.1016/S0261-5177(01)00080-2.
Qomariah IN, Rahmi T, Said Z, Wijaya A. 2019. Conflict between human and wild Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck, 1847) in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 77-84. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200110.
Ranaweerage E, Ranjeewa ADG, Sugimoto K. 2015. Tourism-induced disturbance of wildlife in protected areas: A case study of free ranging elephants in Sri Lanka. Glob Ecol Conserv 4: 625-631. DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2015.10.013.
Reynolds PC, Braithwaite D. 2001. Towards a conceptual framework for wildlife tourism. Tour Manag 22: 31-42. DOI: 10.1016/S0261-5177(00)00018-2.
Rodrigues E. 2013. Impacto del turismo en el comportamiento del mono carablanca (Cebus capucinus, Linnaeus, 1758) en el Parque Nacional Manuel Antonio, Costa Rica. [Dissertation]. Universidad de Costa Rica, San José. [Costa Rica]
Sistema Nacional de A?reas de Conservacio?n (SINAC). 2019. Informe Anual Estadi?sticas SEMEC 2018: SINAC en Nu?meros. San Jose?. [Costa Rica]
Wong G, Carrillo E. 1996. Squirrel monkey viewing and tourism in Costa Rica. In Prescott-Allen R, Prescott-Allen C (eds.). Assessing the Sustainability of Uses of Wild Species. IUCN, Gland.
Woods B. 2000. Beauty and the beast: Preferences for animals in Australia. J Tour Stud 1: 25-35.
Zal N, Breda Z. 2010. Tourism in protected areas: Observations from Kus?cenneti National Park. Anatolia 21: 1-15. DOI: 10.1080/13032917.2010.9687091.