Antibacterial activity of phyllospheric bacteria isolated from Rhizophora mucronata against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Issue
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Abstract. Rizqoh D, Yolanda SD, Nuhraheni E, Sipriyadi, Ulyandari M, Wibowo RH, Oktoviani, Djatmiko EM, Putri AA. 2025. Antibacterial activity of phyllospheric bacteria isolated from Rhizophora mucronata against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Biodiversitas 26: 199-210. The treatment of bacterial infection often involves the administration of antibiotics. However, the increasing use of antibiotics has led to bacterial resistance. The black mangrove Rhizophora mucronata is a vital biological resource containing bioactive compounds with potential antibacterial properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial potential of phyllospheric bacteria from R. mucronata leaves against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The study was carried out using descriptive experimental research. In the initial stage, phylospheric bacteria were isolated from the leaves of R. mucronata using serial dilution method. The results showed that a total of 641 colonies were isolated from R. mucronata. Out of them, 53 dominant phyllospheric bacterial isolates were identified, which exhibit regular round shape with smooth edges colonies, flat elevation, moist texture and produce yellow color pigment. Gram staining revealed 42 Gram-positive and 11 Gram-negative bacterial isolates. The antibacterial activity test showed that 10 isolates had the ability to inhibit the growth of E. coli, 6 isolates inhibited the growth of B. subtilis and 3 isolates inhibited both bactera. Among 19 isolates, three isolates, namely BF1, BF4, and BF17 showed the best antimicrobial activity. The result of phytochemical tests revealed that all the crude extracts contained alkaloid, tannins, and saponins. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed potential metabolites, such as: [3,4-D]pyrimidine-5,7-dione, cyclo (L-Pro-L-Val), maculosin, 2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzaldehyde (TBA), phenethyl alcohol (PEA) tryptophol, benzene ethanol and benzeneacetic acid. The present study concluded that phyllospheric bacteria produce several active compounds that can inhibit bacterial growth.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
References
Adeniyi BA, Ogunlana M, Igbokwe CO, Tajudeen B, Mahady GB. 2024. The phenotypic and molecular identification of phyllospheric bacteria possessing antimicrobial activity from Funtumia elastica (Preuss) Stapf. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 16 (3): 180-186. DOI: 10.18502/ajmb.v16i3.15744.
Awidya IGB, Rizqoh D, Lestari N, Sipriyadi, Sariyanti M. 2024. Strong potential of white cambodia (Plumeria acuminata) phyllosphere bacteria which inhibit Candida albicans growth. ICW Biotech 2024. BIO Web Conf 127: 05002. DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/202412705002.
CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]. 2022. Antimicrobial Resistance Threats in the United States, 2021-2022. https:// www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/data-research/threats/update-2022.html
Choub V, Maung CEH, Won SJ, Moon JH, Kim KY, Han YS, Cho JY, Ahn YS. 2021. Antifungal activity of cyclic tetrapeptide from Bacillus velezensisce 100 against plant pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Pathogens 10: 209. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020209.
Dahibhate NL, Saddhe AA, Kumar K. 2019. Mangrove plants as a source of bioactive compounds: A review. Nat Prod J 9 (2): 86-97. DOI: 10.2174/2210315508666180910125328.
Dong CJ, Wang LL, Li Q, Shang QM. 2019. Bacterial communities in the rhizosphere, phyllosphere and endosphere of tomato plants. PLos One 14 (11): e0223847. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223847.
Driche EH, Badji B, Bijani C, Belghit S, Pont F, Mathieu F, Zitouni A. 2022. A new saharan strain of Streptomyces sp. GSB-11 produces maculosin and N-acetyltyramine active against multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Curr Microbiol 79 (10): 298. DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02994-3.
Dutta S, Halder AK, Adhikari N, Amin SA, Das S, Saha A, Jha T. 2019. Synthesis, anticancer activity, structure-activity telationship and binding mode of interaction studies of substituted pentanoic acids. Futur Med Chem 11 (14): 1679-1702. DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0361.
Egra S, Mardhiana M, Rofin M, Adiwena M, Jannah N, Kuspradini H, Mitsunaga T. 2019. Antimicrobial activity of mangrove extract (Rhizophora mucronata) inhibit Ralstonia solanacearum causes of wilt. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi 12 (1): 26-31. DOI: 10.21107/agrovigor.v12i1.5143.
Febriansyah HD, Negara BFSP, Renta PP, Sari YP. 2018. Mangrove forest community structure on Baai Island, Bengkulu City. J Enggano 3 (1): 112-128. DOI: 10.31186/jenggano.3.1.112-128.
Fitriadi R, Nurhafid M, Kasprijo K, Ryandini D, Riady R.M, Sukardi P 2023. Antibacterial activity of Proteus spp. isolated from the rice-fish farming system cultivation area against A. hydrophila. Iraqi J Vet Sci 37 (4): 929-934. DOI: 10.33899/IJVS.2023.138764.2836.
Friedman M, Henika PR, Mandrell RE. 2003. Antibacterial activities of phenolic benzaldehydes and benzoic acids against Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica. J Food Prot 66 (10): 1811-1821. DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X-66.10.1811.
Haque MA, Wang F, Chen Y, Hossen F, Islam MA, Hossain MA, Siddique N, He C, Ahmed F. 2022. Bacillus spp. contamination: A novel risk originated from animal feed to human food chains in South-Eastern Bangladesh. Front Microbiol 12: 783103. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.783103.
Hassan EA, Abo-Bakr AM, Fandy RF. 2014. 1,3-Cyclohexanedione and its derivatives as precursors in organic chemistry; synthesis and reactions. Intl J Curr Res 6 (11): 9583-9637.
Khalilian M, Zolfaghari MR, Soleimani M. 2015. High potential application in bioremediation of selenate by Proteus hauseri strain QW4. Iranian J Microbiol 7 (2): 94-102.
Kumar S, Deep A, Narasimhan B. 2019. A review on synthesis, anticancer and antiviral potentials of pyrimidine derivatives. Curr Bioact Compd 15 (3): 289-303. DOI: 10.2174/1573407214666180124160405.
Kusumawati DE, Pasaribu FH, Bintang M, Si S. 2014. Aktivitas antibakteri isolat bakteri endofit dari tanaman miana (Coleus scutellariodes [L.] Benth.) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Curr Biochem 1 (1): 45-50. DOI: 10.29244/cb.11.1.2. [Indonesian]
Lauer AC, Nicholson AC, Humrighouse BW, Emery B, Drobish A, Juieng P, Loparev V, McQuiston JR. 2015. Genome sequences of Oblitimonas alkaliphila gen. nov. sp. nov. (Proposed), a novel bacterium of the Pseudomonadaceae family. Genom Announce 3 (6): 10-1128. DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.01474-15.
Leboffe MJ, Pierce BE. 2016. Microbiology: Laboratory Theory and Application, Brief. Morton Publishing Company, Englewood.
Li B, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Dan J, Li S, Lei W, Wang H, Lin F. 2017. Synthesis and evaluation of novel benzene-ethanol bearing 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents. Med Chem Res 26 (1): 44-51. DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1724-6.
Lindow SE, Brandl MT. 2003. Microbiology of the phyllosphere. Appl Environ Microbiol 69 (4): 1875-1883. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.4.1875.
Maina S, Prabhu AA, Vivek N, Vlysidis A, Koutinas A, Kumar V. 2022. Prospects on bio-based 2,3-butanediol and acetoin production: Recent progress and advances. Biotechnol Adv 54: 107783. DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107783.
Mile L, Nursyam H, Setijawati D, Sulistiyati, TD. 2021. Phytochemical studies of mangrove fruit (Rhizophora mucronata) from Langge Village, North Gorontalo District. Jambura Fish Process J 3 (1): 1-8. DOI: 10.37905/JFPJ.V3I1.8585.
Ministry of Health Republic Indonesia. 2018. Basic Health Researches (Riskesdas). Ministry of Health Republic Indonesia, Jakarta.
Müller T, Ruppel S. 2014. Progress in cultivation-independent phyllosphere microbiology. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 87 (1): 2-17. DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12198.
NCBI [National Center for Biotechnology Information]. 2024a. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 1031, 1-Propanol. https://pubchem.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/compound/Butyl-acetate.
NCBI [National Center for Biotechnology Information]. 2024b. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 10430, Isovaleric acid. https:// pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Isovaleric-acid.
Novard MFA, Suharti N, Rasyid R. 2019. Gambaran bakteri penyebab infeksi pada anak berdasarkan jenis spesimen dan pola resistensinya di laboratorium RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2014-2016. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas 8 (2S): 26. DOI: 10.25077/jka.v8i2S.955. [Indonesian]
Palmieri A, Petrini M. 2019. Tryptophol and derivatives: Natural occurence and applications to the synthesis of bioactive compounds. Nat Prod Rep 36 (3): 490-530. DOI: 10.1039/c8np00032h.
Paudel B, Maharjan R, Rajbhandari P, Aryal N, Aziz S, Bhattarai K, Baral B, Malla R, Bhattarai HD. 2021. Maculosin, a nontoxic antioxidant compound isolated from Streptomyces sp. KTM18. Pharm Biol 59 (1): 931-934. DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1946091.
Polis B, Srikanth K, Gurevich V, Gil-Henn H, Samson A. 2019. L-Norvaline, a new therapeutic agent against Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 14 (9): 1562. DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.255980.
Pramono H, Kurniawan A, Andika N, Putra TF, Hazwin MAR, Utari S, Kurniawan AP, Masithah ED, Sahidu, AM. 2019. Detection of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella sp. in the seafood products of Surabaya local market. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci 236 (1): 012115. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/236/1/012115.
Prasad JK, Pandey P, Anand R, Raghuwanshi R. 2021. Drought exposed Burkholderia seminalis JRBHU6 exhibits antimicrobial potential through pyrazine-1,4-dione derivatives targeting multiple bacterial and fungal proteins. Front Microbiol 12: 633036. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.633036.
Prasad KN. 1980. Butyric acid: A small fatty acid with diverse biological functions. Life Sci 27 (15): 1351-1358. DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(80)90397-5.
Rastogi G, Coaker GL, Leveau JHJ. 2013. New insights into the structure and function of phyllosphere microbiota through high-throughput molecular approaches. FEMS Microbiol Let 348 (1): 1-10. DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12225.
Rizqoh D, Sari NR, Wati RN, Santosa F, Hasanah R. 2016. Aktivitas bakteri filosfer daun reundeu (Staurogyne longata) sebagai penghasil senyawa antimikrob potensial. Jurnal Analis Laboratorium Medik 1 (1): 1-7. [Indonesian]
Rizqoh D, Sharon S, Dwi I, Wulan, R, Kumala O, Nabilla C. 2021. Exploration of phyllosphere bacteria from Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.). Proceedings of the 3rd KOBI Congress, International and National Conferences (KOBICINC 2020) 442-446. DOI: 10.2991/absr.k.210621.075.
Rizqoh D, Sipriyadi, Suryani UH, Putri CN, Agustin M, Taurustya H, Lestari N, Sariyanti M. 2024b. Exploring the antibacterial activity of endophytic bacteria from andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) against Bacillus subtilis. Biodiversitas 25 (2): 700-707. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250229.
Rizqoh D, Sipriyadi, Mas’ud N, Rahmawati, ID, Sharon S, Suryani UH, Lestari N, Wibowo RH. 2024a. Phyllosphere bacteria of Andaliman (Zanctoxylum acanthopodium DC.) as potential antimicrobial compounds source against pathogenic bacteria. Front Health Inform 13 (3): 6399-6408. DOI: 10.52783/fhi.vi.662.
Septiani, Dewi ND, Wijayanti I. 2017. Antibacterial activities of seagrass extracts (Cymodocea rotundata) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Indones J Fish Sci Technol 13 (1): 1-6. DOI: 10.14710/ijfst.13.1.1-6.
Sivakumar N, Sathishkumar R, Selvakumar G, Shyamkumar R, Arjunekumar K. 2020. Phyllospheric microbiomes: Diversity, ecological significance, and biotechnological applications. Plant Microbiomes Sustain Agric 7 (25): 113-172. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38453-1_5.
Thapa S, Prasanna R. 2018. Prospecting the characteristics and significance of the phyllosphere microbiome. Annals Microbiol 68 (5): 229-245. DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1331-5.
Utami CR, Rahardhian MRR, Sulistyarini I. 2017. Aktivitas antibakteri pigmen karotenoid khamir Phaffia rhodozyma terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Bacillus subtilis Atcc 6231 secara in vitro. Cendekia Eksakta 2 (1): 70-75. [Indonesian]
Widayati A, Suryawati S, de Crespigny C, Hiller JE. 2012. Knowledge and beliefs about antibiotics among people in Yogyakarta City Indonesia: A cross sectional population-based survey. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 1 (1): 38. DOI: 10.1186/2047-2994-1-38.
World Health Organization. 2023. Global database for tracking Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). https://www.amrcountryprogress.org/ #/country-profile-view.
Zhu Q, Zai H, Zhang K, Zhang X, Luo N, Li X, Hu Y, Wu Y. 2022. L-norvaline affects the proliferation of breast cancer cells based on the microbiome and metabolome analysis. J Appl Microbiol 133 (2): 1014-1026. DOI: 10.1111/jam.15620.
Zin NM, Al-Shaibani MM, Jalil J, Sukri A, Al-Maleki AR, Sidik NM. 2020. Profiling of gene expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in response to cyclo-(l-Val-l-Pro) and chloramphenicol isolated from Streptomyces sp., SUK 25 reveals gene downregulation in multiple biological targets. Archiv Microbiol 202 (8): 2083-2092. DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01896-x.
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- MARDHATILLAH SARIYANTI, PEGI MELANTI ADRI, RISKY HADI WIBOWO, AHMAD AZMI NASUTION, THORIQUL HIDAYAH, SIPRIYADI, Molecular identification and antimicrobial activities of Bacillus subtilis MS-01 isolated from Indonesian ethnic food lemea , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 16 No. 3 (2025)