Abundance and species diversity of predatory arthropods inhabiting rice of refuge habitats and synthetic insecticide application in freshwater swamps in South Sumatra, Indonesia
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Abstract. Karenina T, Herlinda S, Irsan C, Pujiastuti Y. 2019. Abundance and species diversity of predatory arthropods inhabiting rice of refuge habitats and synthetic insecticide application in freshwater swamps in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2375-2387. Rice cultivation in freshwater swamps in Indonesia is specific, among other things, there is no synthetic pesticide spraying and vegetable growing on rice field embankments. This specific cultivation technique can affect the abundance and diversity of rice-dwelling arthropods species. The study aimed to compare the abundance and species diversity of predatory arthropods inhabiting rice surrounded both by refugia and vegetables and by those being applied with synthetic insecticide in the rice field of freshwater swamps. This study used rice plots surrounded by refugia flower (Zinnia sp., Tagetes erecta, Cosmo caudatus, and Sesamum indicum); vegetables (Cucumis sativus, Vigna sinensis, Luffa acutangula, and Momordica charantia); untreated; and synthetic insecticide. Twenty-five herbivore species of 12 families, 34 spider species of 8 families, and 24 species of predatory insects of 12 families were found on rice during a planting season. The lowest herbivore population and spider abundance were found on synthetic insecticide sprayed rice and they were significantly different from those of refugia-rice plots. The most abundant spiders and predatory insects were found on rice surrounded by refugia and were not significantly different from those of rice surrounded by vegetables. The highest species diversity for spiders and predatory insects was found on rice surrounded by refugia, whereas the lowest species diversity was found on synthetic pesticide sprayed rice. Therefore, rice surrounded by refugia flowers and vegetables was the most appropriate for habitat and niche of predatory arthropods.
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References
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Barrion A, Litsinger J. 1995. Riceland spiders of South and Southeast Asia. Entomology Division International Rice Research Institute, Philippines.
Cao MZ, Shen JL, Zhang JZ, Lu M, Liu XY, Zhou WJ. 2004. Monitoring of insecticide resistance and genetic analysis of Triazophos resistance in Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Rice Science 11: 297–304.
Desai SD, Swaminathan R, Desai VS. 2017. Effect of habitat manipulation on infestation of paddy leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee). Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci 6(10): 1469–1477.
Dutton EM, Luo EY, Cembrowski AR, Shore JS, Frederickson ME. 2016. Three’s a crowd: trade-offs between attracting pollinators and ant bodyguards with nectar rewards in turnera. Journal The American Naturalist 188(1): 38–51.
Foti MC, Rosta M, Peri E, Park KC, Slimani T, Wratten SD, Colazza S. 2017. Chemical ecology meets conservation biological control: identifying plant volatiles as predictors of floral resource suitability for an egg parasitoid of stink bugs. Journal of Pest Science 90(1): 299–310.
Ganai SA, Ahmad H, Sharma D, Sharma S, Khaliq N, Norboo T. 2017. Diversity of arthropod fauna associated with marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) in Jammu. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 5(5): 1940–1943.
Hasan K, Pervin M, Manda F, Mala M. 2016. Habitat management: a key option to enhance natural enemies of crop pest. Universal Journal of Plant Science 4(4): 50–57.
Heinrichs EA. 1994. Biology and management of rice insect. International Rice Research Intitute, Philippines.
Herlinda S, Yudha S, Thalib R, Khodijah, Suwandi, Lakitan B, Verawaty M. 2018a. Species richness and abundance of spiders inhabiting rice in fresh swamps and tidal lowlands in South Sumatera, Indonesia. Journal of ISSAAS 24(1): 82–93.
Herlinda S, Apryanti H, Susilawati, Anggraini E. 2018b. Paddy rice spacing and its impact on community of insect pest in fresh swamp ecosystems. Indonesian Journal of Entomology 15(3): 151–165. [Indonesia].
Janzen DH. 2013. Differences in insect abundance and diversity between wetter and drier sites during a tropical dry season. Ecology 49(1): 96–110.
Jayakumar S, Sankari A. 2010. Spider population and their predatory efficiency in different rice establishment techniques in Aduthurai, Tamil Nadu. Journal of Biopesticides 3(1): 20–27.
Kalshoven LG. 1981. The pest of crops in Indonesia. Van Hoeve, Jakarta.
Kamarudin N, Arshad O. 2016. Diversity of insect natural enemies of the bagworm, Pteroma pendula (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) in relation to the oil palm environment, in Perak, Malaysia. Journal of Oil Palm Research 28(3): 296–307.
Lakitan, B., Alberto, A., Lindiana, L., Kartika, K., Herlinda, S. and Kurnianingsih, A. 2018a. The benefits of biochar on rice growth and yield in tropical riparian wetland, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Chiang Mai University Journal of Natural Sciences 17(2): 111–126.
Lakitan B, Hadi B, Herlinda S, Siaga E, Widuri LI, Kartika K, Lindiana L, Yunindyawati Y, Meihana M. 2018b. Recognizing farmers’ practices and constraints for intensifying rice production at riparian wetlands in Indonesia. NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences 85: 10–20.
Lami F, Masetti A, Neri U, Lener M, Staiano G, Arpai S, Burgio G. 2016. Diversity of Coccinellidae in ecological compensation areas of Italy and overlap with maize pollen shedding period. Bulletin of Insectology 69(1): 49–57.
Lopes SF, Ramos MB, Almeida GR. 2017. The role of mountains as refugia for biodiversity in Brazilian Caatinga: conservationist implications. Tropical Conservation Science 10: 1–12.
Lu ZX, Zhu PY, Gurr GM, Zheng XS, Read DM, Heong KL, Yang YJ, Xu HX. 2014. Mechanisms for flowering plants to benefit arthropod natural enemies of insect pests: Prospects for enhanced use in agriculture. Insect Science 21: 1–12.
Magurran AE. 2004. Measuring Biological Diversity. Blackwell Science Ltd, London, UK.
Mahmoud MF. 2012. Insects associated with sesame (Sesamun indicum L.) and the impact of insect pollinators on crop production. Pestic, Phytomed 27(2): 117–129.
Masika FB, Masanza M, Aluana G, Barrigossi JAF, Kizito EB. 2017. Abundance, distribution and effects of temperature and humidity on arthropod fauna in different rice ecosystems in Uganda. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 5(5): 964–973.
Mcalpine JF, Peterson BV, Shewel GE, Teskey HJ, Vockeroth JR, Wood DM. 1987. Manual of neartic Diptera. Agriculture Canada, Research Branch.
Mccabe E, Loeb G, Grab H. 2017. Responses of crop pests and natural enemies to wildflower borders depends on functional group. Insects 8(3): 1–8.
Ngin C, Suon S, Tanaka T, Yamauchi A, Kawakita K, Chiba S. 2017. Impact of insecticide applications on arthropod predators and plant feeders in Cambodian rice fields. Phytobiomes Journal 1: 128–137.
Saleh A, Siregar AZ. 2017. Impact of natural enemies to leaf eating caterpillar population on oil palm in north Sumatra, Indonesia. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research 6(8): 189–192.
Safitri A, Herlinda S, Setiawan A. 2018. Entomopathogenic fungi of soils of freshwater swamps , tidal lowlands , peatlands , and highlands of South Sumatra , Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2365–2373.
Sgolastra F, Fisogni A, Quaranta M, Bogo G, Bortolotti L, Galloni M. 2016. Temporal activity patterns in a flower visitor community of Dictamnus albus in relation to some biotic and abiotic factors. Bulletin of Insectology 69(2): 291–300.
Suwandi, Ammar M, Irsan C. 2012. Application of extract compost increased yield and suppressed the diseases of ratoon rice crop in tidal swamp of Banyuasin Regency. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal 1(2): 116–122. [Indonesia].
Svobodová Z, Skokova HO, Holec J, Holec M, Bohac M, Bohac J, Jursic M, Soukup J, Sehnal F. 2017. Split application of glyphosate in herbicide-tolerant maize provides efficient weed control and favors beneficial epigeic arthropods. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 251: 171–179.
Xu HX, Yang YJ, Lu YH, Zheng XS, Tian JE, Lai FX, Fu Q, Lu ZX. 2017. Sustainable management of rice insect pests by non-chemical-insecticide technologies in China. Rice Science 24(2): 61-72.
Zhu P, Lu Z, Heong K, Chen G, Zheng X, Xu H, Yang Y, Nicol HL, Gurr GM. 2014a. Selection of nectar plants for use in ecological engineering to promote biological control of rice pests by the predatory bug, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, (Heteroptera: Miridae). Plos One 9(9): 1–12.
Zhu P, Wang G, Zheng X, Tian J, Lu Z, Heong KK, Xu H, Chen G, Yang Y, Gurr GM. 2014b. Selective enhancement of parasitoids of rice Lepidoptera pests by sesame (Sesamum indicum) flowers. BioControl 60: 157-167.
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