Changes in paddy field management in Sindang Hamlet, Rancakalong Village, Sumedang District, West Java, Indonesia
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Abstract. Hidayat R.A, Partasasmita R, Iskandar J, Gunawan B. 2020. Changes in paddy field management in Sindang Hamlet, Rancakalong Village, Sumedang District, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 98-105. Farmers have traditional ecological knowledge related to the management of their fields, including knowledge of climate, soil types, soil fertility, various plants and animals, plant pests and irrigation. This knowledge is based on customs, beliefs and cosmos. Over time, government policies in agriculture such as the green revolution were implemented with the aim of increasing productivity of rice in wet-rice field farming. This initiated a change in the community's farming system from subsistence farming to commercial farming. Not to mention the existence of climate change that requires people to adapt. This change has an impact on ecological, economic and social aspects which are interesting to study. This study conducted in Sindang Hamlet, Rancakalong Village, Sumedang District, West Java, which is known to have local rice cultivars and still practices rituals related to rice management. This study aims to analyze the changes in paddy management system in Sindang Hamlet due to green revolution and climate change, using qualitative data collection methods such as semi-structured interviews (deep interviews) with competent locals and participatory observations. Result of study showed that presently there are 3 groups of farmers in Sindang Hamlet, farmers who plant only local rice cultivars, farmers who plant only superior rice cultivars, and farmers who plant both local rice and superior rice cultivars in their land. Most farmers in Sindang Hamlet planted local rice but the diversity of local rice has decreased leaving only six cultivars, namely rayot, mesir, omas, torondol, mataram and randa kaya. There are still farmers in Sindang Hamlet who practice traditional farming, but many are starting to use modern tools and synthetic chemicals. The rice field management ritual called ngalaksa is still observed by the community, although there are some changes over time. The changes in rice field management have a negative impact on the local environment, economy and social aspects.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Fox JJ. 1991. Managing the ecology of rice production in Indonesia. In Hardjono J. (ed), Indonesia: Resources, Ecology, and Environment. Oxford University Press, Oxford New York.
Iskandar J, Ellen RF. 1999. In situ conservation of rice landraces among the Baduy of West Java. J Ethnobiol 19 (1): 97-125
Iskandar J. 2001. Human culture and environment: human ecology. Humaniora Utama Press. Bandung. [Indonesian]
Iskandar J, Iskandar BS. 2011. Sundanese agroecosystem. Bandung: PT Kiblat Buku Utama [Indonesian]
Iskandar J. 2012Ethnobiology and sustainable development.. Puslitbang KPK LPPM Unpad Bandung dan M63 Foundation. AIPI Bandung. Bandung [Indonesian]
Iskandar J. 2016. Ethnobiology and diversity of Indonesian culture. Umbara [Indonesian]
Iskandar J, Iskandar BS. 2016. Ethnoastronomy the baduy agricultural calendar and prediction of environmental perturbation. Biodiversitas 17(2): 694-703.
Iskandar J, Iskandar BS. 2017. Local knowledge of Baduy community of South Banten (Indonesia) on the Traditional on the traditional landscapes. Biodiversitas 18: 928-938
Iskandar J. 2018. Ethnobiology, ethnoecology and sustainable development. Yogyakarta: Plantaxia. [Indonesian]
Kadarisno. 2019. Analysis of Sawah Farmers Business Sustainability in Kampung Kuta, Tasikmalaya, West Java. [Thesis]. Masters in Environmental Sciences. Universitas Padjadajaran. [Indonesian]
Lauer RH. 2003. Perspectives on social change, Jakarta, Rineka Cipta.
Lansing JS. 1991. Priests and programmers: technologies of power in the engineered landscape of Bali. Princeton, Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
Malia. 2007. Study of Utilization and Management of Local Rice Cultivars in Rancakalong Village, Rancakalong District, Sumedang Regency [Skripsi]. Universitas Padjadjaran. [Indonesian]
Mustapa RHH. 1996. Sundanese customs. Penerbit Alumni, Bandung.
Newing H, Eagle CM, Puri RK, Watson CW. 2011. Conducting research in con- servation: a social science perspective. London dan New York: Routledge.
Parkesit, Djuniwarti, Hadikusumah HY. (1997). Spatial structure and floristic diversity of man-made ecosystem in upper Citarum river basin. In Dove MR, Sajise P. (eds), The conditions of biodiversity maintenance in Asia. Hawaii: East-Center.
Partasasmita R, Hidayat RA, Erawan TS, Iskandar J. 2016. Local knowledge of Karangwangi village people’s, Cianjur District about variation (race), the keeping activity and conservation of chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus Linnaeus, 1758). Pros Semnas Biodiv UNS. Vol 2 :2 . 2016
Prabowo R, Subantoro R. 2012. Water quality and the burden of pesticide pollution in the Semarang City Babon River. J Ilmu Pertanian. 8 (1): 9 – 17 [Indonesian]
Profil Desa Rancakalong. 2017 [Indonesian]
Rachmawati D, Hosaka T, Inoue E, Anzai H. 2004. Agrobacterium-mediated. 2004. Transformation of Javanica Rice cv. Rojolele, (Jepang: Gene Research Center, Ibaraki University, Ami Ibaraki 300-0393, dan Yogyakarta: Fakultas Biologi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2004).
Soemarwoto R. 2007. Kesepuhan rice landrace diversity, risk management and agricultural modernization. In Ellen R. (ed), Modern crises and traditional strategies: local ecological knowledge in Island Southeast Asia. Berghahn Books, New York.
Toledo VM. 2002. Ethnoecology: A conceptual framework for the study of indigenous knowledge of nature. In Stepp JR, Wyndham FS, Zarger RK. (eds), Ethnobiology and biocultural. The International Society of Ethnobiology. Georgia
Warsiti I. 2009. Management and Utilization of Local Rice Cultivars and Factors Affecting the Sustainability of Local Rice Cultivars. Thesis: Study Program Masters in Environmental Science UNPAD. [Indonesian]
Widjaja EA, Rhayuningsih Y, Rahajoe JS, Ubaidillah R, Maryanto I, Waluyo EB, Semiadi G. 2014. The present of Indonesia's biodiversity 2014. Jakarta: LIPI Press. [Indonesian]
Winarto, Yunita T. 2016. The food crisis and the "misguided thinking" why it still continues? . Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia. [Indonesian]
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- RAHMI AULIA HIDAYAT, JOHAN ISKANDAR, BUDHI GUNAWAN, RUHYAT PARTASASMITA, Impact of green revolution on rice cultivation practices and production system: A case study in Sindang Hamlet, Rancakalong Village, Sumedang District, West Java, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
- JOHAN ISKANDAR, BUDIAWATI SUPANGKAT ISKANDAR, RUHYAT PARTASASMITA, The local knowledge of the rural people on species, role and hunting of birds: Case study in Karangwangi Village, West Java, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 17 No. 2 (2016)
- SYA SYA SHANIDA, RUHYAT PARTASASMITA, TEGUH HUSODO, PARIKESIT PARIKESIT, ERRI NOVIAR MEGANTARA, Short Communication: Javan Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis javanensis Desmarest, 1816) in the Cisokan non-conservation forest areas, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 19 No. 1 (2018)
- ASEP ZAINAL MUTAQIN, DENNY KURNIADIE, JOHAN ISKANDAR, MOHAMAD NURZAMAN, RUHYAT PARTASASMITA, Ethnobotany of suweg, Amorphophallus paeoniifolius: Utilization and cultivation in West Java, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 21 No. 4 (2020)
- BUDIAWATI SUPANGKAT ISKANDAR, JOHAN ISKANDAR, RUHYAT PARTASASMITA, RAHMAN LATIF ALFIAN, Planting coffee and take care of forest: A case study on coffee cultivation in the forest carried out among people of Palintang, Highland of Bandung, West Java, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 19 No. 6 (2018)
- BUDIAWATI SUPANGKAT ISKANDAR, JOHAN ISKANDAR, BUDI IRAWAN, RUHYAT PARTASASMITA, Traditional markets and diversity of edible plant trading: Case study in Ujung Berung, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 19 No. 2 (2018)
- TIA SETIAWATI, ASEP ZAINAL MUTAQIN, BUDI IRAWAN, AZIFAH ANAMILLAH, JOHAN ISKANDAR, Species diversity and utilization of bamboo to support lifes the community of Karangwangi Village, Cidaun Sub-District of Cianjur, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 18 No. 1 (2017)
- YATI NURLAENI, JOHAN ISKANDAR, DECKY INDRAWAN JUNAEDI, Ethnoecology of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium by local communities around Lake Toba, North Sumatra, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 22 No. 4 (2021)
- RAHMAN LATIF ALFIAN, JOHAN ISKANDAR, BUDIAWATI SUPANGKAT ISKANDAR, SUROSO, DICKY P. ERMANDARA, DEDE MULYANTO, RUHYAT PARTASASMITA, Fish species, traders, and trade in traditional market: Case study in Pasar Baru, Balikpapan City, East Kalimantan, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 21 No. 1 (2020)
- MUHLISIN, JOHAN ISKANDAR, BUDHI GUNAWAN, MARTHA FANI CAHYANDITO, Vegetation diversity and structure of urban parks in Cilegon City, Indonesia, and local residents’ perception of its function , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 22 No. 7 (2021)