Checklist and estimation of total number of phytoplankton species in Pari, Tidung, and Payung Islands, Indonesia
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Abstract. Rachman A. 2020. Checklist and estimation of total number of phytoplankton species in Pari, Tidung, and Payung Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2446-2454. A checklist of phytoplankton species from an anthropogenically pressured ecosystem has become a necessity to study the marine ecosystem changes and to detect the presence of introduced species in the area. This study aimed to list and describe the phytoplankton community in the Tidung, Pari, and Payung Islands and to estimate the total number of phytoplankton species in those islands. Sampling was conducted in May 2019 in 10 sites, consisted of 5 sites around Pari Island, 1 site next to Payung Island, and 4 sites around Tidung Island. As many as 150 species of phytoplankton, consisted of 109 species of diatoms, 38 species of dinoflagellates, 3 species of cyanobacteria, were recorded in this study. However, up to 47 phytoplankton species were estimated to be missing from the current sampling effort. Three diatom species, Chaetoceros curvisetus, Chaetoceros distans, and Chaetoceros affinis were the most abundant and most common species in the studied areas. Dinoflagellates were found in low density and have limited distribution compared to diatoms. Tripos trichoceros, Tripos fusus, and Tripos macroceros were the three most common dinoflagellates in the studied islands. Several notable harmful species, such as Pseudo-nitzschia spp., Alexandrium sp., Tripos furca, Cochlodinium sp., Dinophysis miles, Prorocentrum lima, and Noctiluca scintillans, were present albeit with low cell density. However, concern on future blooms of those harmful species in the greater water regions (i.e. Seribu Island or Jakarta Bay) should be noted, as it might cause environmental damages, including a shift in species dominance and disappearance of some native phytoplankton species from the ecosystem in the future.
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References
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Colwell RK, Coddington JA. 1994. Estimating Terrestrial Biodiversity through Extrapolation. Philos Trans: Biol Sci, 345: 101-118. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1994.0091
Colwell RK, Mao CX, Chang J. 2004. Interpolating, Extrapolating, and comparing incidence-based species accumulation curves. Ecology, 85: 2717-2727. DOI: 10.1890/03-0557
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Glibert PM, Anderson, DM, Gentien P, Granéli E, Sellner KG. 2005. The global, complex phenomena of harmful algal blooms. Oceanography, 18: 136-147.
Guiry MD. 2012. How many species of algae are there? J Phycol, 48: 1057-1063. DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01222.x
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Legresley M, Mcdermott G. 2010. Counting chamber methods for quantitative phytoplankton analysis—haemocytometer, Palmer-Maloney cell and Sedgewick-Rafter cell. In: Karlson B, Cusack C, Bresnan E (eds) Microscopic and molecular methods for quantitative phytoplankton analysis. UNESCO (IOC Manuals and Guides). Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Spain.
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Madduppa HH, Ferse SC, Aktani U, Palm HW. 2012. Seasonal trends and fish-habitat associations around Pari Island, Indonesia: setting a baseline for environmental monitoring. Environ biol fish, 95: 383-398. DOI: 10.1007/s10641-012-0012-7
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Nabout JC, Da Silva Rocha B, Carneiro FM, Sant’anna CL. 2013. How many species of Cyanobacteria are there? Using a discovery curve to predict the species number. Biodivers conserv, 22: 2907-2918. DOI: 10.1007/s10531-013-0561-x
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Oksanen J, Blanchet FG, Kindt R, Legendre P, Minchin PR, O'hara RB, Simpson GL, Solymos P, Stevens MHH, Wagner H. 2015. vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.2-1 ed.
Omura T, Iwataki M, Borja VM, Takayama H., Fukuyo Y. 2012. Marine phytoplankton of the Western Pacific. Kouseisha Kouseikaku Co. Ltd., Japan.
Paerl HW, Otten TG. 2013. Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms: Causes, Consequences, and Controls. Microbial Ecol, 65: 995-1010. DOI: 10.1007/s00248-012-0159-y
Praseno D, Fukuyo Y, Widiarti R, Badrudin YE, Pain S. 1999. The HAB/red tide blooms in Indonesian waters 1997/1998. Proceedings of the Fourth ASEAN-Canada Technical Conference on Marine Sciences, Malaysia.
Praseno D, Fukuyo Y, Widiarti R, Sugestiningsih. 2003. Red tide occurrences in Indonesian waters and the need to establish a monitoring system. Proceedings of Workshop on Red tide Monitoring in Asian Coastal Waters.
Praseno D, Wiadnyana N. 1996. HAB organisms in Indonesian waters. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.
Praseno DP, Sugestiningsih. 2000. Retaid di perairan Indonesia. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Oseanologi-LIPI, Jakarta. [Indonesian]
Rizqina C, Sulardiono B, Djunaedi A. 2018. Hubungan antara kandungan nitrat dan fosfat dengan kelimpahan fitoplankton di perairan Pulau Pari, Kepulauan Seribu. Man Aquat Res J, 6: 43-50. [Indonesian]
Senming T, Rachman A, Fitria N, Thoha H, Bin C. 2018. Phytoplankton changes during SE monsoonal period in the Lembeh Strait of North Sulawesi, Indonesia, from 2012 to 2015. Acta Oceanol Sin, 37: 9-17. DOI: 10.1007/s13131-018-1283-4
Senming T, Rachman A, Fitriya N, Bin, C. 2015. Phytoplankton Species and Distribution in Lembeh and the Bangka Straits. Proceeding of the International Seminar on Biodiversity and Coastal Ecosystem on North Sulawesi (22 October 2015).
Shirota A. 1966. The plankton of South Vietnam-fresh water and marine plankton. Over Tech Coop. Agent, Japan.
Sidabutar T, Bengen DG, Wouthuyzen S, Partono T. 2016. The abundance of phytoplankton and its relationship to the N/P ratio in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas J Biol Divers, 17: 673-678. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d170241
Spatharis S, Tsirtsis G. 2010. Ecological quality scales based on phytoplankton for the implementation of Water Framework Directive in the Eastern Mediterranean. Ecol Indic, 10: 840-847. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.01.005
Sutiknowati, LI. 2013. Microbes Parameters of Water Quality for Aquaculture on Pari Island Waters. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 5: 204-218. [Indonesian]
Thoha H. 1991. Ledakan populasi Trichodesmium erythraeum. Oseana, 16: 9-15.
Thoha H, Muawanah M, Intan MDB, Rachman, A, Sianturi OR, Sidabutar T, Iwataki M, Takahashi K, Avarre JC, Masseret E. 2019. Resting cyst distribution and molecular identification of the harmful dinoflagellate Margalefidinium polykrikoides (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) in Lampung Bay, Sumatra, Indonesia. Front microbiol, 10: 1-12. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00306
Tomas CR. 1997. Identifying marine phytoplankton. Academic press, USA.
Wiadnyana N, Sidabutar T, Matsuoka K, Ochi T, Kodama M, Fukuyo Y. 1996. Note on the occurrence of Pyrodinium bahamense in eastern Indonesian waters. Harmful and Toxic Algal Blooms: 53-56.
Widiarti R, Pudjiarto RK. 2015. Dinoflagellata Toksik Penyebab Ciguatera Fish Poisoning Di Perairan Pulau Tidung, Kepulauan Seribu. Biologi Wallacea, 1: 5-8. [Indonesian]
Xiao W, Liu X, Irwin AJ, Laws EA, Wang L, Chen, B, Zeng Y, Huang B. 2018. Warming and eutrophication combine to restructure diatoms and dinoflagellates. Water res, 128: 206-216. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.051
Yamaji I. 1966. Illustrations of the marine plankton of Japan. Hoikusha, Japan.
Yool A, Tyrrell T. 2003. Role of diatoms in regulating the ocean's silicon cycle. Global Biogeochem Cy, 17: 1-21. DOI: 10.1029/2002GB002018
Al-Kandari M, Al-Yamani F, Al-Rifaie K. 2009. Marine phytoplankton atlas of Kuwait’s waters. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait.
Anggraeni, F, Soedjiarti, T, Widiarti, R. 2013. Dinoflagellata Epifitik pada Lamun Enhalus acoroides di Rataan Terumbu Pulau Pari, Kepulauan Seribu. Jurnal Akuatika, 4: 35-45. [Indonesian]
Arinardi, O. 1997. Metode penelitian plankton bahari. In: Hutagalung H, Setiapermana D, Riyono S (eds) Metode analisis air laut, sedimen dan biota. Vol. 2. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Oseanologi, Indonesia. [Indonesian]
Béguinot, J. 2015. Extrapolation of the Species Accumulation Curve for Incomplete Species Samplings: A New Nonparametric Approach to Estimate the Degree of Sample Completeness and Decide when to Stop Sampling. Annu Res Rev Biol, 8: 1-9. DOI: 10.9734/ARRB/2015/22351
Carr JM, Hergenrader GL, Troelstrup Jr NH. 1986. A simple, inexpensive method for cleaning diatoms. Trans Am Microsc Soc, 105: 152-157. DOI: 10.2307/3226387
Colwell RK, Coddington JA. 1994. Estimating Terrestrial Biodiversity through Extrapolation. Philos Trans: Biol Sci, 345: 101-118. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1994.0091
Colwell RK, Mao CX, Chang J. 2004. Interpolating, Extrapolating, and comparing incidence-based species accumulation curves. Ecology, 85: 2717-2727. DOI: 10.1890/03-0557
Davis C. 1955. The marine and fresh-water plankton. Michigan State University Press; USA.
Glibert PM, Anderson, DM, Gentien P, Granéli E, Sellner KG. 2005. The global, complex phenomena of harmful algal blooms. Oceanography, 18: 136-147.
Guiry MD. 2012. How many species of algae are there? J Phycol, 48: 1057-1063. DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01222.x
Häder DP, Gao K. 2015. Interactions of anthropogenic stress factors on marine phytoplankton. Front Environ Sci, 3: 1-14. DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2015.00014
Lee SD, Yun SM, Park JS, Lee JH. 2015. Floristic survey of diatom in the three islands (Baeknyeong, Daecheong, Socheong) from Yellow sea of Korea. J of Ecol Environ, 38: 1-36. DOI: 10.5141/ecoenv.2015.059
Legresley M, Mcdermott G. 2010. Counting chamber methods for quantitative phytoplankton analysis—haemocytometer, Palmer-Maloney cell and Sedgewick-Rafter cell. In: Karlson B, Cusack C, Bresnan E (eds) Microscopic and molecular methods for quantitative phytoplankton analysis. UNESCO (IOC Manuals and Guides). Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Spain.
Likumahua S. 2015. Recent blooming of Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum in Ambon Bay, Eastern Indonesia. Mar Res Indonesia, 38: 31-37. DOI: 10.14203/mri.v38i1.54
Madduppa HH, Ferse SC, Aktani U, Palm HW. 2012. Seasonal trends and fish-habitat associations around Pari Island, Indonesia: setting a baseline for environmental monitoring. Environ biol fish, 95: 383-398. DOI: 10.1007/s10641-012-0012-7
Mather L, Macintosh K, Kaczmarska I, Klein G, Martin J. 2010. A Checklist of Diatom Species Reported (and Presumed Native) from Canadian Coastal Waters. Firsheries and Oceans Canada, Science Branch, Maritime Region, Canada.
Muawanah K, Haryono T, Widiatmoko W. 2013. Dominasi plankton HAB’s di Teluk Hurun. Buletin Budidaya Laut, 34: 10. [Indonesian]
Nabout JC, Da Silva Rocha B, Carneiro FM, Sant’anna CL. 2013. How many species of Cyanobacteria are there? Using a discovery curve to predict the species number. Biodivers conserv, 22: 2907-2918. DOI: 10.1007/s10531-013-0561-x
Nurlina A, Liambo AA. 2018. Kejadian Luar Biasa Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Pada Konsumsi Kerang Hijau Terkontaminasi Saxitoxin di Kabupaten Cirebon, Indonesia, Desember 2016. Prosiding Seminar Nasional dan Diseminasi Penelitian Kesehatan. Vol. 1. STIKes Bakti Tunas Husada, Tasikmalaya. [Indonesian]
Oksanen J, Blanchet FG, Kindt R, Legendre P, Minchin PR, O'hara RB, Simpson GL, Solymos P, Stevens MHH, Wagner H. 2015. vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.2-1 ed.
Omura T, Iwataki M, Borja VM, Takayama H., Fukuyo Y. 2012. Marine phytoplankton of the Western Pacific. Kouseisha Kouseikaku Co. Ltd., Japan.
Paerl HW, Otten TG. 2013. Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms: Causes, Consequences, and Controls. Microbial Ecol, 65: 995-1010. DOI: 10.1007/s00248-012-0159-y
Praseno D, Fukuyo Y, Widiarti R, Badrudin YE, Pain S. 1999. The HAB/red tide blooms in Indonesian waters 1997/1998. Proceedings of the Fourth ASEAN-Canada Technical Conference on Marine Sciences, Malaysia.
Praseno D, Fukuyo Y, Widiarti R, Sugestiningsih. 2003. Red tide occurrences in Indonesian waters and the need to establish a monitoring system. Proceedings of Workshop on Red tide Monitoring in Asian Coastal Waters.
Praseno D, Wiadnyana N. 1996. HAB organisms in Indonesian waters. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.
Praseno DP, Sugestiningsih. 2000. Retaid di perairan Indonesia. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Oseanologi-LIPI, Jakarta. [Indonesian]
Rizqina C, Sulardiono B, Djunaedi A. 2018. Hubungan antara kandungan nitrat dan fosfat dengan kelimpahan fitoplankton di perairan Pulau Pari, Kepulauan Seribu. Man Aquat Res J, 6: 43-50. [Indonesian]
Senming T, Rachman A, Fitria N, Thoha H, Bin C. 2018. Phytoplankton changes during SE monsoonal period in the Lembeh Strait of North Sulawesi, Indonesia, from 2012 to 2015. Acta Oceanol Sin, 37: 9-17. DOI: 10.1007/s13131-018-1283-4
Senming T, Rachman A, Fitriya N, Bin, C. 2015. Phytoplankton Species and Distribution in Lembeh and the Bangka Straits. Proceeding of the International Seminar on Biodiversity and Coastal Ecosystem on North Sulawesi (22 October 2015).
Shirota A. 1966. The plankton of South Vietnam-fresh water and marine plankton. Over Tech Coop. Agent, Japan.
Sidabutar T, Bengen DG, Wouthuyzen S, Partono T. 2016. The abundance of phytoplankton and its relationship to the N/P ratio in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas J Biol Divers, 17: 673-678. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d170241
Spatharis S, Tsirtsis G. 2010. Ecological quality scales based on phytoplankton for the implementation of Water Framework Directive in the Eastern Mediterranean. Ecol Indic, 10: 840-847. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.01.005
Sutiknowati, LI. 2013. Microbes Parameters of Water Quality for Aquaculture on Pari Island Waters. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 5: 204-218. [Indonesian]
Thoha H. 1991. Ledakan populasi Trichodesmium erythraeum. Oseana, 16: 9-15.
Thoha H, Muawanah M, Intan MDB, Rachman, A, Sianturi OR, Sidabutar T, Iwataki M, Takahashi K, Avarre JC, Masseret E. 2019. Resting cyst distribution and molecular identification of the harmful dinoflagellate Margalefidinium polykrikoides (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) in Lampung Bay, Sumatra, Indonesia. Front microbiol, 10: 1-12. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00306
Tomas CR. 1997. Identifying marine phytoplankton. Academic press, USA.
Wiadnyana N, Sidabutar T, Matsuoka K, Ochi T, Kodama M, Fukuyo Y. 1996. Note on the occurrence of Pyrodinium bahamense in eastern Indonesian waters. Harmful and Toxic Algal Blooms: 53-56.
Widiarti R, Pudjiarto RK. 2015. Dinoflagellata Toksik Penyebab Ciguatera Fish Poisoning Di Perairan Pulau Tidung, Kepulauan Seribu. Biologi Wallacea, 1: 5-8. [Indonesian]
Xiao W, Liu X, Irwin AJ, Laws EA, Wang L, Chen, B, Zeng Y, Huang B. 2018. Warming and eutrophication combine to restructure diatoms and dinoflagellates. Water res, 128: 206-216. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.051
Yamaji I. 1966. Illustrations of the marine plankton of Japan. Hoikusha, Japan.
Yool A, Tyrrell T. 2003. Role of diatoms in regulating the ocean's silicon cycle. Global Biogeochem Cy, 17: 1-21. DOI: 10.1029/2002GB002018