Phytochemical analysis and cytotoxic activities of two distinct cultivars of Ganyong rhizomes (Canna indica) against the WiDr colon cancer cell line
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Abstract. Ifandari, Widyarini S, Nugroho LH, Pratiwi R. 2020. Phytochemical analysis and cytotoxic activities of two distinct cultivars of Ganyong rhizomes (Canna indica) against the WiDr colon cancer cell line. Biodiversitas 21: 1660-1669. Canna indica L is an edible plant with high nutrient content and positive health benefits. In Indonesia, edible canna is divided into two cultivar groups: red edible canna and green edible canna. Canna indica L. is investigated in this study as a potential medicinal plant for colon cancer in WiDr cell lines. The phytochemical contents of two distinct cultivars of edible canna (known in Indonesia as ganyong), namely red edible canna and green edible canna. These two discrete samples were extracted by using two different solvents, dichloromethane and ethanol, followed by evaluation using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in order to detected functional group. In the analysis of the composition of the elements of chemical compounds, the samples subsequently injected into the liquid chromatography?high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The cell viability assay was performed to evaluate the cytotoxic activities of extracted compounds from two cultivars of edible canna in two different solvents. FTIR results demonstrated that the red and green edible canna extracts contained 17 and 18 functional group compounds, respectively. Furthermore, the cell viability was lower in WiDr cells treated with dichloromethane extract of red than green edible canna or the ethanol extract of red edible canna. Notably, LC-HRMS results of the most potent dichloromethane extract of red edible canna revealed the presence of fatty acid compounds. These findings indicate that the two cultivars of edible canna could potentially be utilized as promising candidates for colon cancer treatment.
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References
Alam F, Saqib QN and Waheed A. 2017. Cytotoxic activity of extracts and crude saponins from Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Against human breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB468) and colorectal (Caco-2) cancer cell lines. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 17(368). DOI:10.1186/s12906-017-1882-1.
Al-Snafi. A E, 2015. Bioactive components and Pharmacological effects of Canna indica-an Overview. IJPT. 5(2): 71-75
Andra S S, Austin C, Patel D, Dolios G, Awawda M, and Arora M. 2017. Trends in the application of high-resolution mass spectrometry for human biomonitoring: An analytical primer to studying the environmental chemical space of the human exposome. Environ Int. 100: 32-61. DOI:10.1016/j.envint.2016.11.026.
Antoney J, John De Britto A, Abida P, Leon Stephan Raj T. 2016. In-vitro cytotoxicity studies on methanolic leaf extract of Embelia ribes burm f - an important traditional medicinal plant of Kerala. Advances in Cytology & Pathology. 1 (1):6-8. DOI: 10.15406/acp.2016.01.00002
Bahuguna A, Khan I, Vivek K. Bajpai an Kang SC. 2017. MTT assay to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of a drug. Bangladesh J Pharmacol.(12):115-118
Boughendjioua H and Djeddi S. 2017. Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of Constituents of Lemon Essential Oils from Algeria. American Journal of Optics and Photonics. 5(3): 30-35.DOI: 10.11648/j.ajop.20170503.12
Burhannudin, Mahmudah N, Widyarini S, and Purnomosari D. 2018. Chemopreventive Effects of Edible Canna (Canna edulis Kerr.) Against Colorectal Carcinogenesis: Effects on Expression of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Rat Inflammatory Model. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 19 (3): 839-844. DOI: 10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.839.
Campmajo G, Nunez N, and Nunez O.2019. The role of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in food integrity and autenticity. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.85087.
Carolina, A dan Ilmi, F.N.2016. Production of Indonesian Canna edulis type IV resistant starch through acetylation modifation. IFJR. 23 (2): 491-497
Chunduri JR and Shah HR. 2016. Ftir Phytochemical Fingerprinting and Antioxidant Anlyses of Selected Indoor Non-Flowering Indoor Plants and Their Industrial Importance. Int J Curr Pharm Res, 8 (4):37-43. DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2016v8i4.1048
Demirgan R, Ali Karagöz, Murat Pekmez, Evren Önay-Uçar, Fulya Tu?ba Artun, Ça?layan Gürer and Afife Mat. 2016. In vitro anticancer activity and cytotoxicity of some papaver alkaloids on cancer and normal cell lines. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 13(3):22-26. DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v13i3.3
Florence AR and Jeeva S. 2015. FTIR and GC-MS spectral analysis of Gmelina asiatica L. Leaves. Science Research Reporter, 5(2): 125-136.
Florence Souard, Cédric Delporte, Piet Stoffelen, Etienne Thévenot, Nausicaa Noret. 2018. Metabolomics fingerprint of coffee species determined by untargeted-profiling study using LC-HRMS. Food Chemistry. 245: 603 - 612.
George J, 2014. Screening and antimicrobial activity of Canna indica against Clinical pathogens bioactive. IJLSER. 2(3): 85-88.
Hasanah F and Hasrini RF. 2018. Pemanfaatan Ganyong (Canna edulis KERR) sebagai Bahan Baku Sohun dan Analisis Kualitasnya. Warta IHP/Journal of Agro-based Industry. 35 (2): 99-105.
Hsieh S, Chen C, Wang J, Kuo Y,Li C, Hsieh C and Wu C. Sedanolide induces autophagy through the PI3K, p53 and NF-?B signaling pathways in human liver cancer cells . International Journal of Oncology 47: 2240-2246. DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3206,
Jardine P E, Gosling WD, Lomax BH, Julier ACM and Fraser WT. 2019. Chemotaxonomy of domesticated grasses: a pathway to understanding the origins of agriculture. J. Micropalaeontology. 38: 83–95.DOI: 10.5194/jm-38-83-2019.
Kumar S.S, Manoj P and Giridhar P. 2015. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, chlorophyll content and antioxidant properties of native and defatted foliage of green leafy vegetables. J Food Sci Technol. 52(12):8131–8139. DOI 10.1007/s13197-015-1959-0.
Kumar V and Roy BK 2018. Population authentication of the traditional medicinal plant Cassia tora L. based on ISSR markers and FTIR analysis. Scientific Reports 8:10714
Lamaeswari G and Ananthi T. 2012. Preliminary phytochemical screening and physiochemical characterization of Canna indica L. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 4(2): 76-79
Lim TK. 2016. Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants Modified stem , roots. 10
Lombardi VR.M, Carrera, I and Cacabelos R. 2017.In Vitro Screening for Cytotoxic Activity of Herbal Extracts. Hindawi Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2017: 1-8. DOI: 10.1155/2017/2675631.
Lotfy MM, Hassana, HM, Hettac MH, El-Gendyd AO and Mohammed R. 2018. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate,a major bioactive metabolite with antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity isolated from River Nile derived fungus Aspergillus awamori. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences.7: 263–269. DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2018.02.002.
Meiyanto E, Fitriasari A, Hermawan A, Junedi S and Susidarti RA. 2011. The improvement of doxorubicin activity on breast cancer cell lines by tangeretin through cell cycle modulation. Orient Pharm Exp Med 11:183–190. DOI 10.1007/s13596-011-0016-4
Meiyanto E, Septisetyani EP, Larasati YA and Kawaichi M. 2017. Curcumin Analog Pentagamavunon-1 (PGV-1) Sensitizes Widr Cells to 5-Fluorouracil through Inhibition of NF-?B Activation. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 19 (1): 49-56
Mohandas GG, Kumaraswamy M.2018. Antioxidant Activities of Terpenoids from Thuidium tamariscellum (C. Muell.) Bosch. and Sande-Lac. a Moss. Pharmacog J. 10(4):6459. DOI : 10.5530/pj.2018.4.106
Murray M. Hraiki A, Bebawy M, Pazderka C and Rawling T.2015. Anti-tumor activities of lipids and lipid analogues and their development as potential anticancer drugs, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.01.008
Nair A, Amalraj A, Jacob J, Kunnumakkara A and Gopi S. 2019. Non-Curcuminoids from Turmeric and Their Potential in Cancer Therapy and Anticancer Drug Delivery Formulations. Biomolecules 9 (13) DOI:10.3390/biom9010013
Nirmal SA, Shelke SM, Gagare PB, Jadhav PR, Dethe PM . 2007 Antinociceptive and anthelmintic activity of Canna indica.Nat Prod Res. 21(12):1042-7
Okonwu K. and Ariaga C. A. 2016. Nutritional Evaluation of Various Parts of Canna indica L. Annual Research & Review in Biology. 11(4): 1-5. DOI: 10.9734/ARRB/2016/31029.
Pei Junwen,Binfan Fu, Lifeng Jiang, Taizhen Sun. 2019. Biosynthesis, characterization, and anticancer effect of plant-mediated silver nanoparticles using Coptis chinensis. International Journal of Nanomedicine 14: 1969–1978.DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S188235.
Promraksa B, Phetcharaburanin J, Namwat N, Techasen A, Boonsiri P, Loilome W. 2019. Evaluationof anticancer potential of Thai medicinal herb extracts against cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. PLoS ONE 14(5): e0216721. DOI: 10.1371/journal. pone.
Pudjihastuti I, Sumardiono S, Supriyo E, and Kusumayanti H, 2018. Quality analog rice composite flour: Modified starch, Colocasia esculenta, Canna edulis Ker high protein. AIP Conference Proceedings 1977, 030017 (2018); DOI: 10.1063/1.5042937.
Rachman ZAU, Muchtaridi M. 2018. Analysis of quality and quantity control of herbal compounds using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy: A review journal. Drug Invention Today.10(1)
Sari N, Purnomo, Daryono B.S, Suryadiantina, and Setyowati M. 2016. Variation and Intraspecies Classification of edible canna (Canna indica L) Based on Morphologycal characters. AIP Conference Proceedings.1744.020041-1-020041-8. DOI :10.1063/1.4953515. AIP Publishing on line: 14 June 2016.
Sari N, Suryadiantina, B.S. Daryono and Purnomo. 2018. Variability and intraspecific classification of indonesian edible canna (Canna indica l.) Based on rapd marker analysis. SABRAO. Journal of Breeding and Genetics. 50(2):156-167
Shami A M M, 2016. Isolation and Identification of Alkaloids extracted from Local Plants in Malaysia. Ann Chromatogr Sep Tech. 2(1): 1016.
Singh R and Mendhulkar VD. 2015. FTIR studies and spectrophotometric analysis of natural antioxidants, polyphenols and flavonoids in Abutilon indicum (Linn) Sweet leaf extract. J. Chem. Pharm. Res. 7(6):205-211
Soltanian S,Sheikhbahaei M and Mohamadi N. 2017.Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Methanol Extracts of Some Medicinal Plants on P19 Embryonal Carcinoma Cells. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 7(07): 142-149. DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2017.70722
Sruthi DR and Indira G, A 2016. Comparative evaluation of maceration, soxhlation and ultra sound assisted extraction for the phytochemical screening of the leaves of Nephelium lappaceum. L. (Sapindaceae). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry; 5(5): 386-389
Starlin T, Arul RC, Ragavendran P and Gopalakrishnan VK. 2012. Phytochemical screening, functional groups and element analysis of Tylophora pauciflora wight and arn. IRJP. 3(6):180-183.
Subhash K, Hemant D U, Shriniwas P P, and Anagha M.J.2017. Anti Diabetic and Hypo lipidemic Potential of Hydro alkoholic Extract of Canna indica L. Root and Rhizomes in Rat. Ejpmr. 4 (1):480-489.
Sun S, Xiao Li, Anjing Ren, Mulong Du, Haina Du, Yongqian Shu, Lingjun Zhu and Wei Wang. 2016. Choline and betaine consumption lowers cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Scientific Reports. Nature. 6:35547. DOI: 10.1038/srep35547
Suresh S, K. Arthikeyin S and Jayamoorthy K. 2016. FTIR and multivariate analysis to study the effect of bulk and nano copper oxide on peanut plant leaves.Journal of science: Advanced material and Devices (2016):1-8. DOI:10.1016/j.jsamd.2016.08.004
Talluri MR, KIllari KN, Manepalli NVS VM, Konduri P and Bandaru KK. 2017. Protective effect of Canna indica on cerebral ischemia – repertusion injury in rats. Agriculture and Natural Resources.51: 470-477. DOI: 10.1016/j.anres.2018.03.007.
Vankar PS and Srivastava J. 2018. A review-canna the wonder plant. J Textile Eng Fashion Technol. 4(2):158–162. DOI: 10.15406/jteft.2018.04.00134
Visveshwari M, Subbaiyan B, Thangapandian V. 2017. Phytochemical Analysis, Antibacterial Activity, FTIR and GCMS Analysis of Ceropegia juncea Roxb. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 9(7): 914-920. DOI:10.25258/phyto.v9i07.11155
Yumrutas O, Oztuzcu S,Pehlivan M,Ozturk N, Poyraz E, I?ci YZ, Cevik MO, Bozgeyik I, Aksoy AF,Bag?s H, Arslan A.2015. Cell viability, anti-proliferation and antioxidant activities of Sideritis syriaca, Tanacetum argenteum sub sp. argenteum and Achillea aleppica sub sp. zederbaueri on human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 5 (03): 001-005. DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2015.50301
Al-Snafi. A E, 2015. Bioactive components and Pharmacological effects of Canna indica-an Overview. IJPT. 5(2): 71-75
Andra S S, Austin C, Patel D, Dolios G, Awawda M, and Arora M. 2017. Trends in the application of high-resolution mass spectrometry for human biomonitoring: An analytical primer to studying the environmental chemical space of the human exposome. Environ Int. 100: 32-61. DOI:10.1016/j.envint.2016.11.026.
Antoney J, John De Britto A, Abida P, Leon Stephan Raj T. 2016. In-vitro cytotoxicity studies on methanolic leaf extract of Embelia ribes burm f - an important traditional medicinal plant of Kerala. Advances in Cytology & Pathology. 1 (1):6-8. DOI: 10.15406/acp.2016.01.00002
Bahuguna A, Khan I, Vivek K. Bajpai an Kang SC. 2017. MTT assay to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of a drug. Bangladesh J Pharmacol.(12):115-118
Boughendjioua H and Djeddi S. 2017. Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of Constituents of Lemon Essential Oils from Algeria. American Journal of Optics and Photonics. 5(3): 30-35.DOI: 10.11648/j.ajop.20170503.12
Burhannudin, Mahmudah N, Widyarini S, and Purnomosari D. 2018. Chemopreventive Effects of Edible Canna (Canna edulis Kerr.) Against Colorectal Carcinogenesis: Effects on Expression of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Rat Inflammatory Model. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 19 (3): 839-844. DOI: 10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.839.
Campmajo G, Nunez N, and Nunez O.2019. The role of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in food integrity and autenticity. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.85087.
Carolina, A dan Ilmi, F.N.2016. Production of Indonesian Canna edulis type IV resistant starch through acetylation modifation. IFJR. 23 (2): 491-497
Chunduri JR and Shah HR. 2016. Ftir Phytochemical Fingerprinting and Antioxidant Anlyses of Selected Indoor Non-Flowering Indoor Plants and Their Industrial Importance. Int J Curr Pharm Res, 8 (4):37-43. DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2016v8i4.1048
Demirgan R, Ali Karagöz, Murat Pekmez, Evren Önay-Uçar, Fulya Tu?ba Artun, Ça?layan Gürer and Afife Mat. 2016. In vitro anticancer activity and cytotoxicity of some papaver alkaloids on cancer and normal cell lines. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 13(3):22-26. DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v13i3.3
Florence AR and Jeeva S. 2015. FTIR and GC-MS spectral analysis of Gmelina asiatica L. Leaves. Science Research Reporter, 5(2): 125-136.
Florence Souard, Cédric Delporte, Piet Stoffelen, Etienne Thévenot, Nausicaa Noret. 2018. Metabolomics fingerprint of coffee species determined by untargeted-profiling study using LC-HRMS. Food Chemistry. 245: 603 - 612.
George J, 2014. Screening and antimicrobial activity of Canna indica against Clinical pathogens bioactive. IJLSER. 2(3): 85-88.
Hasanah F and Hasrini RF. 2018. Pemanfaatan Ganyong (Canna edulis KERR) sebagai Bahan Baku Sohun dan Analisis Kualitasnya. Warta IHP/Journal of Agro-based Industry. 35 (2): 99-105.
Hsieh S, Chen C, Wang J, Kuo Y,Li C, Hsieh C and Wu C. Sedanolide induces autophagy through the PI3K, p53 and NF-?B signaling pathways in human liver cancer cells . International Journal of Oncology 47: 2240-2246. DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3206,
Jardine P E, Gosling WD, Lomax BH, Julier ACM and Fraser WT. 2019. Chemotaxonomy of domesticated grasses: a pathway to understanding the origins of agriculture. J. Micropalaeontology. 38: 83–95.DOI: 10.5194/jm-38-83-2019.
Kumar S.S, Manoj P and Giridhar P. 2015. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, chlorophyll content and antioxidant properties of native and defatted foliage of green leafy vegetables. J Food Sci Technol. 52(12):8131–8139. DOI 10.1007/s13197-015-1959-0.
Kumar V and Roy BK 2018. Population authentication of the traditional medicinal plant Cassia tora L. based on ISSR markers and FTIR analysis. Scientific Reports 8:10714
Lamaeswari G and Ananthi T. 2012. Preliminary phytochemical screening and physiochemical characterization of Canna indica L. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 4(2): 76-79
Lim TK. 2016. Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants Modified stem , roots. 10
Lombardi VR.M, Carrera, I and Cacabelos R. 2017.In Vitro Screening for Cytotoxic Activity of Herbal Extracts. Hindawi Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2017: 1-8. DOI: 10.1155/2017/2675631.
Lotfy MM, Hassana, HM, Hettac MH, El-Gendyd AO and Mohammed R. 2018. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate,a major bioactive metabolite with antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity isolated from River Nile derived fungus Aspergillus awamori. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences.7: 263–269. DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2018.02.002.
Meiyanto E, Fitriasari A, Hermawan A, Junedi S and Susidarti RA. 2011. The improvement of doxorubicin activity on breast cancer cell lines by tangeretin through cell cycle modulation. Orient Pharm Exp Med 11:183–190. DOI 10.1007/s13596-011-0016-4
Meiyanto E, Septisetyani EP, Larasati YA and Kawaichi M. 2017. Curcumin Analog Pentagamavunon-1 (PGV-1) Sensitizes Widr Cells to 5-Fluorouracil through Inhibition of NF-?B Activation. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 19 (1): 49-56
Mohandas GG, Kumaraswamy M.2018. Antioxidant Activities of Terpenoids from Thuidium tamariscellum (C. Muell.) Bosch. and Sande-Lac. a Moss. Pharmacog J. 10(4):6459. DOI : 10.5530/pj.2018.4.106
Murray M. Hraiki A, Bebawy M, Pazderka C and Rawling T.2015. Anti-tumor activities of lipids and lipid analogues and their development as potential anticancer drugs, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.01.008
Nair A, Amalraj A, Jacob J, Kunnumakkara A and Gopi S. 2019. Non-Curcuminoids from Turmeric and Their Potential in Cancer Therapy and Anticancer Drug Delivery Formulations. Biomolecules 9 (13) DOI:10.3390/biom9010013
Nirmal SA, Shelke SM, Gagare PB, Jadhav PR, Dethe PM . 2007 Antinociceptive and anthelmintic activity of Canna indica.Nat Prod Res. 21(12):1042-7
Okonwu K. and Ariaga C. A. 2016. Nutritional Evaluation of Various Parts of Canna indica L. Annual Research & Review in Biology. 11(4): 1-5. DOI: 10.9734/ARRB/2016/31029.
Pei Junwen,Binfan Fu, Lifeng Jiang, Taizhen Sun. 2019. Biosynthesis, characterization, and anticancer effect of plant-mediated silver nanoparticles using Coptis chinensis. International Journal of Nanomedicine 14: 1969–1978.DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S188235.
Promraksa B, Phetcharaburanin J, Namwat N, Techasen A, Boonsiri P, Loilome W. 2019. Evaluationof anticancer potential of Thai medicinal herb extracts against cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. PLoS ONE 14(5): e0216721. DOI: 10.1371/journal. pone.
Pudjihastuti I, Sumardiono S, Supriyo E, and Kusumayanti H, 2018. Quality analog rice composite flour: Modified starch, Colocasia esculenta, Canna edulis Ker high protein. AIP Conference Proceedings 1977, 030017 (2018); DOI: 10.1063/1.5042937.
Rachman ZAU, Muchtaridi M. 2018. Analysis of quality and quantity control of herbal compounds using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy: A review journal. Drug Invention Today.10(1)
Sari N, Purnomo, Daryono B.S, Suryadiantina, and Setyowati M. 2016. Variation and Intraspecies Classification of edible canna (Canna indica L) Based on Morphologycal characters. AIP Conference Proceedings.1744.020041-1-020041-8. DOI :10.1063/1.4953515. AIP Publishing on line: 14 June 2016.
Sari N, Suryadiantina, B.S. Daryono and Purnomo. 2018. Variability and intraspecific classification of indonesian edible canna (Canna indica l.) Based on rapd marker analysis. SABRAO. Journal of Breeding and Genetics. 50(2):156-167
Shami A M M, 2016. Isolation and Identification of Alkaloids extracted from Local Plants in Malaysia. Ann Chromatogr Sep Tech. 2(1): 1016.
Singh R and Mendhulkar VD. 2015. FTIR studies and spectrophotometric analysis of natural antioxidants, polyphenols and flavonoids in Abutilon indicum (Linn) Sweet leaf extract. J. Chem. Pharm. Res. 7(6):205-211
Soltanian S,Sheikhbahaei M and Mohamadi N. 2017.Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Methanol Extracts of Some Medicinal Plants on P19 Embryonal Carcinoma Cells. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 7(07): 142-149. DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2017.70722
Sruthi DR and Indira G, A 2016. Comparative evaluation of maceration, soxhlation and ultra sound assisted extraction for the phytochemical screening of the leaves of Nephelium lappaceum. L. (Sapindaceae). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry; 5(5): 386-389
Starlin T, Arul RC, Ragavendran P and Gopalakrishnan VK. 2012. Phytochemical screening, functional groups and element analysis of Tylophora pauciflora wight and arn. IRJP. 3(6):180-183.
Subhash K, Hemant D U, Shriniwas P P, and Anagha M.J.2017. Anti Diabetic and Hypo lipidemic Potential of Hydro alkoholic Extract of Canna indica L. Root and Rhizomes in Rat. Ejpmr. 4 (1):480-489.
Sun S, Xiao Li, Anjing Ren, Mulong Du, Haina Du, Yongqian Shu, Lingjun Zhu and Wei Wang. 2016. Choline and betaine consumption lowers cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Scientific Reports. Nature. 6:35547. DOI: 10.1038/srep35547
Suresh S, K. Arthikeyin S and Jayamoorthy K. 2016. FTIR and multivariate analysis to study the effect of bulk and nano copper oxide on peanut plant leaves.Journal of science: Advanced material and Devices (2016):1-8. DOI:10.1016/j.jsamd.2016.08.004
Talluri MR, KIllari KN, Manepalli NVS VM, Konduri P and Bandaru KK. 2017. Protective effect of Canna indica on cerebral ischemia – repertusion injury in rats. Agriculture and Natural Resources.51: 470-477. DOI: 10.1016/j.anres.2018.03.007.
Vankar PS and Srivastava J. 2018. A review-canna the wonder plant. J Textile Eng Fashion Technol. 4(2):158–162. DOI: 10.15406/jteft.2018.04.00134
Visveshwari M, Subbaiyan B, Thangapandian V. 2017. Phytochemical Analysis, Antibacterial Activity, FTIR and GCMS Analysis of Ceropegia juncea Roxb. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 9(7): 914-920. DOI:10.25258/phyto.v9i07.11155
Yumrutas O, Oztuzcu S,Pehlivan M,Ozturk N, Poyraz E, I?ci YZ, Cevik MO, Bozgeyik I, Aksoy AF,Bag?s H, Arslan A.2015. Cell viability, anti-proliferation and antioxidant activities of Sideritis syriaca, Tanacetum argenteum sub sp. argenteum and Achillea aleppica sub sp. zederbaueri on human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 5 (03): 001-005. DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2015.50301
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