Short Communication: Detection of bioactive compounds in essential oil from lemongrass cultivated in Ngantang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
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Abstract. Hartatie ES, Prihartini I, Widodo W, Wahyudi A. 2020. Short Communication: Detection of bioactive compounds in essential oil from lemongrass cultivated in Ngantang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2821-2825. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) commonly known as West Indian lemongrass is a member of the Poaceae family and belongs to genus Cymbopogon. It is one of the plants commonly used in fresh form as a spice by the people in Indonesia and widely planted in the yard of the house. Lemongrass contains several bioactive compounds and it might be extracted to obtain essential oils useful for many applications such as flavor and fragrance ingredients, perfumery, cosmetics, food preservation, pharmaceutical. The chemical composition of essentials oil can be variable, according to the genetic diversity, habitat, weather, and cultural treatment. The aim of study was to investigate the bioactive compounds in essential oil from lemongrass stalk and lemongrass leaves which cultivated in Ngantang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Detection of bioactive compounds was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of study are the main compound in lemongrass essential oil was citral. There is a difference between the citral content of essential oils from lemongrass stalk compared to essential oils from lemongrass leaves, both in quantity and components. The citral (geranial and neral) content of essential oil made from stalk was higher than made from leaves, but the amount of bioactive compounds of essential oils from leaves more than from the stalk.
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References
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Yen, H.Y. & Lin, Y.C., 2017. Green extraction of Cymbopogon citrus essential oil by solar energy. Industrial Crops and Products, 108(April), pp.716–721. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.07.039.
Ajayi, E.O., Sadimenko, A.P. & Afolayan, A.J., 2016. GC – MS evaluation of Cymbopogon citratus ( DC ) Stapf oil obtained using modified hydrodistillation and microwave extraction methods. Food Chemistry, 209, pp.262–266. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.071
Andrade, E.H.A., Zoghbi, M. das G.B. & Lima, M. da P., 2014. Chemical composition of the essential oils of cymbopogon citratus (dc.) stapf cultivated in north of brazil. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants, 12(1), pp.41–45.
Avoseh,O., Oyedeji, O., Rungqu, P., Nkeh-Chungag and Oyedeji, A., 2015. Cymbopogon Species; Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and the Pharmacological Importance. Molecules, 20, pp.7438–7453
Balakrishnan, B., Paramasivana. S. and Arulkumar, A. 2014. Evaluation of the lemongrass plant (Cymbopogon citratus) extracted in different solvents for antioxidant and antibacterial activity against human pathogens.
Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2014; 4(Suppl 1): S134-S139
Bharti, S.K., Kumar, A. Prakash, O., Krishnan, S. and Gupta, A.K., 2013. Essential oil of cymbopogon citratus against diabetes: Validation by In vivo experiments and computational studies. Journal of Bioanalysis and Biomedicine, 5(5), pp.194–203.
Desai, M.A., Parikh, J. & De, A.K., 2013. Modelling and optimization studies on extraction of lemongrass oil from Cymbopogon flexuosus ( Steud .) Wats. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 92(5), pp.793–803. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2013.08.011.
Ekpenyong, C., Daniel, N. & Akpan, E., 2014. Phytoconstituents and diuretic activity of Cymbopogon citratus leaf infusions in humans. Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 2(9), pp.704–713.
Ekpenyong, C.E., Akpan, E. & Nyoh, A., 2015. Ethnopharmacology , phytochemistry , and biological activities of Cymbopogon citratus ( DC .) Stapf extracts. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 13(5), pp.321–337. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1875-5364(15)30023-6.
Ekpenyong, C.E., Akpan, E.E. & Daniel, N.E., 2014. Phytochemical Constituents , Therapeutic Applications and Toxicological Profile of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf ( DC ) Leaf Extract Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 3 (1): 133-141
Haque, A.N.M.A., Remadevi, R. & Naebe, M., 2018. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon): a review on its structure, properties, applications and recent developments. Cellulose. V https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-1965-2
Jiang, Y.,Wua, N., Fua, Y., Wanga,W., Luoa, M. Zhaoa,C-J., Zua,Y-G., and Liua,X-L., 2011. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Rosemary. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 32(1), pp.63–68. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2011.03.011
Kumar, V., Tewaria, R. & K. Singh, 2015. Comparative Studies of Drying Methods on Yield and Composition of the Essential Oil of Cymbopogon citratus. Journal of Essential oil Bearing Plants, (July). Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2014.9.
Layse, S. Sandra Layse Ferreira Sarrazin a,b,?, Ricardo Bezerra Oliveira a,b,?, Lauro Euclides Soares Barata a,c Rosa Helena Veras Mourão a,b,?et al., 2012. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Lippia grandis Schauer ( Verbenaceae ) from the western Amazon. Food Chemistry, 134(3), pp.1474–1478. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.03.058.
Liakos, I.L., D’autilia, F., Garzoni, A., Bonferoni, C., Scarpellini, A., Brunetti, V., Carzino, R., Bianchini, P., Pompa, P.P. and Athanassiou, A., 2016. All natural cellulose acetate – lemongrass essential oil antimicrobial nanocapsules . International Journal of Pharmaceutics. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.01.060
Mirghani, M.E.S., Liyana, Y. & Parveen, J., 2012. Bioactivity analysis of lemongrass (Cymbopogan citratus) essential oil. International Food Research Journal, 19(2), pp.569–575.
Putra, I.N.K., Antara, N.S. & Wartini, I.M., 2012. Bioactive Components of Leaf and Stalk of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Essential Oil and Its Antioxidant Activity. In International Conference: Future of Food Factors. Udayana University Denpasar – Bali
Shah, G.,Shri, R., Panchal, V., Sharma, N., Singh, B., and Mann, A.S., 2011. Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Cymbopogon citratus, stapf (Lemon grass). Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology and Research, 2(1), pp.3–8.
Sidibé, L., Chalchat, J-C., Garry, R-P. and Lacombeet, L., 2011. Aromatic plants of Mali (IV): Chemical composition of essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) stapf and C. Giganteus (hochst.) chiov. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 13(2), pp.110–112.
Soares, M.O., Vinha,A.V., Barreira, S.V.P., Coutinho, F., Aires-Gonçalves,S., Oliveira,M.B.P.P., Pires, P.C. and A. Castro, A., 2013. Cymbopogon citratus EO antimicrobial activity against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive strains and non- albicans-Candida species. Science, technology and education (A. Méndez-Vilas, Ed.) Formatex, pp.1081–1086.
Tajidin, N. E., Ahmad, S. H., Rosenani, A.B., Azimah, H. and Munirah, M., 2012. Chemical composition and citral content in lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil at three maturity stages. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(11), pp.2685–2693.
Verma, R.K., Verma,R.S., Chauhan, A and Bisht, A. 2015, Evaluation of essential oil yield and chemical composition of eight lemongrass ( Cymbopogon spp .) cultivars under Himalayan region. Journal ofEssential Oil Research, (April 2015), pp.37–41.
Yen, H.Y. & Lin, Y.C., 2017. Green extraction of Cymbopogon citrus essential oil by solar energy. Industrial Crops and Products, 108(April), pp.716–721. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.07.039.
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