Protein profile, amino acids and taurine composition of sea slug (Paromoionchis tumidus) from Sumenep sea waters, Madura, Indonesia
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Abstract. Hafiludin, Andayani S, Kartikaningsih H, Firdaus M. 2020. Protein profile, amino acids, and taurine composition of sea slug (Paromoionchis tumidus) from Sumenep sea waters, Madura, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2430-2436. Sea slug (Paromoionchis tumidus) is one of the marine gastropods and inhabits the intertidal zone. Sea slug has long been used by coastal communities as food and medicine for breast cancer. Sea slugs are rich in nutritional content, a protein with the composition of essential amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and minerals, which are important as food and medicine in the future. The objective of the study was to investigate the composition of proximate and amino acids, protein profile, and taurine content of sea slug from the sea waters of Sumenep Madura. In this work, the sea slug collected from Sumenep was analyzed for protein, amino acids, and taurine. We compared the composition of proximate and amino acids before and after dried (fresh and dried), and part of the body of a sea slug (whole, muscle, viscera, and mucus) for the protein profiling and taurine content. The results showed that protein content reached 9.32% (fresh) or 60.82% (dried). The molecular weight of the protein was ranging from 22.53 kDa (viscera) to 49.61 kDa (viscera). The total amino acids were found at 6.14% (fresh) and 53.87% (dried). Furthermore, taurine was present at range from 53.568 µg/mL (viscera) to 158.784 µg/mL (whole). This experiment imparted a consistent result with previous studies regarding the richness of protein content in sea slug. Thus there is a wide opportunity for using it as taurine rich products in functional food and medicine.
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References
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Ragi AS, Leena PP, Nair SM. 2016. Study of lipids and amino acid composition of marine gastropod, Tibia curta collected from the southwest coast of India. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 5(3): 1058-1076.
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Rasyid A, Dody S. 2018. Evaluation of the nutritional value and heavy metal content of the dried marine gastropod Laevistrombus turturella. AACL Bioflux 11(6): 1799-1806.
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Schaffer S, Kim HW. 2018. Effects and mechanisms of taurine as a therapeutic agent. Biomolecules and Therapeutics 26(3): 225-241.
Solanki D, Kanejiya J, Gohil B. 2017. Studies on ecological status, nutritive values and exploitation of Peronia verruculata, Cuvier, 1830 (Gastropoda: Onchidiidae) from Gulf of Khambhat, India. Journal of Zoology Studies 4(3): 24-28.
Suseno SH, Hayati S, Faradila RRT, Nurjanah, Suptijah P, Nugraha R, Saraswati. 2014. Inventory and extraction of taurine from deep sea fishes: Escolar (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum) and lobster. Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology 6(2): 241-247.
Vennila R, Rajesh RK, Kanchana S, Arumugam M, Balasubramanian T. 2011. Investigation of antimicrobial and plasma coagulation property of some molluscan ink extracts: Gastropods and cephalopods. African Journal of Biochemistry Research 5(1): 14-21.
Xu G, Yang T, Wang D, Li J, Liu X, Wu X, Shen H. 2018. A comprehensive comparison of four species of Onchidiidae provides insights on the morphological and molecular adaptations of invertebrates from shallow seas to wetlands. PLoS ONE 13(4). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196252
Ali SA, Humayun F, Munir I, Ahmad S, Ayub Z, Fatima H, Zehra L, Haider MS. 2018. Morphological, molecular, biochemical and nutritional characterization of three major thais species from the Sindh coast of Pakistan. The Open Food Science Journal 10(1): 33-45.
Andersen SM, Waagbø R, Espe M. 2016. Functional amino acids in fish health and welfare. Frontiers in Bioscience-Elite 8(1): 143-169.
Bula W, Leiwakabessy F, Rumahlatu D, Article H. 2017. The influence of environmental factors on the diversity of gastropods in Marsegu island, Maluku. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 9(3): 483-491.
Chakraborty S, Santra SC, Bhattacharya T. 2010. Comparative study of protein profile of eight benthic marine macroalgae by SDS PAGE. Biohelica 1(11): 1-4.
Chen Y, Li C, Zhu J, Xie W, Hu X, Song L, Zi J, Yu R. 2017. Purification and characterization of an antibacterial and antiinflammatory polypeptide from Arca subcrenata. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 96: 177-184.
Chirita Tampu RI, Finaru A, Elfakir C. 2018. Optimization of a HPLC analysis method for taurine and caffeine in energy drinks. Scientific Study and Research: Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, Food Industry 19(1): 23-32.
David A. 2013. Biodiversity and distribution of marine gastropods (Mollusca) during pre- and post-monsoon seasons along the Goa coastline, India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 55(1): 17-24.
Galan GL, Ediza MM, Servasques MS, Porquis HC. 2015. Diversity of gastropods in the selected rivers and lakes in Bukidnon. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 6(8): 615-619.
Ghosh J, Sil PC. 2015. Mechanism for arsenic-induced toxic effects. In Flora SJS (Ed.) Handbook of Arsenic Toxicology (pp. 203–221). Elsevier Inc.
Goulding TC, Khalil M, Tan SH, Dayrat B. 2018. A new genus and a new species of onchidiid slugs from eastern Indonesia (Gastropoda: Euthyneura: Onchidiidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66(May): 337-349.
Hafiluddin, Nurjanah, Nurhayati T. 2011. Nutritional content and characterization bioactive compounds of sea slug (Discodoris sp.) Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan Dan Kelautan 3(1): 1-6.
Ibrahim MA, Eraqi MM, Alfaiz FA. 2020. Therapeutic role of taurine as antioxidant in reducing hypertension risks in rats. Heliyon 6(1): e03209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03209
Jayalakshmi K. 2016. Biochemical composition and nutritional value of marine gastropod Babylonia zeylanica from Puducherry, south east. Indo-Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research ( IAJMR ) 2(1): 478-483.
Khalili Tilami S, Sampels S. 2018. Nutritional value of fish: lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Reviews in Fisheries Science and Aquaculture 26(2): 243-253.
Khan BM, Liu Y. 2019. Marine mollusks: food with benefits. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 18(2): 548-564.
Klongnganchui K, Muangthai P. 2016. Simultaneous analysis of taurine and histamine in fishes samples. International Journal of Advances in Science Engineering and Technology 4(3): 148-150.
Lee HJ, Saravana PS, Cho YN, Haq M, Chun BS. 2018. Extraction of bioactive compounds from oyster (Crassostrea gigas) by pressurized hot water extraction. Journal of Supercritical Fluids 141: 120-127.
Leiwakabessy J, Lewerissa S. 2017. Amino acid profile of Strombus luhuanus and Lambis lambis from Waisarisa and Suli waters, Maluku Province, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux 10(5): 1174-1179.
Liu Y, Zhang Z. 2011. Extracted the taurine from the oyster with zymolisis and boiled process. Proceedings of 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering, RSETE 2011, 7584-7586.
Liu Y, Li F, Zhang L, Wu J, Wang Y, Yu H. 2017. Taurine alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury by anti-inflammation and antioxidants in rats. Molecular Medicine Reports 16(5): 6512-6517.
Mohanty B. 2015. Nutritional value of food products. In Conspectus of Inland Fisheries Management (Issue September, pp. 15–21).
Nurjanah, Hafiluddin, Nurhayati T, Nugraha R. 2012. Nutritional and antioxidant properties of sea slug (Discodoris sp.) from Pamekasan Indonesia Sea Water. European Journal of Scientific Research 79(1): 40-47.
Omer M, Omar M, Thiel A, Elbashir A. 2018. High performance liquid chromatographic methods for analysis of taurine in energy drinks after pre-column derivatization. Eurasian Journal of Analytical Chemistry 13(5): em40. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejac/93422
Pasqualone A, Caponio F, Bilancia MT. 2003. Effect of milk heating on taurine content and compositional characteristics of Apulian Cacioricotta goat’s cheese. Milchwissenschaft 58(1-2): 39-41.
Priatni S, Ratnaningrum D, Kosasih W, Sriendah E, Srikandace Y, Rosmalina T, Pudjiraharti S. 2018. Protein and fatty acid profile of marine fishes from Java sea, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19(5): 1737-1742.
Putri RMS, Nurjanah, Tarman K. 2013. Synergistic of taurine sea slug (Discodoris sp.) and ginger (Curcuma Xanthorriza Roxb.) in functional beverage powders. Jphpi 16: 48-57.
Pyz?ukasik R, Szpetnar M, Paszkiewicz W, Tatara MR, Brodzki A. 2016. Free amino acid content in muscle tissue of bighead carp and wels catfish. Medycyna Weterynaryjna 72(10): 632-636.
Ragi AS, Leena PP, Nair SM. 2016. Study of lipids and amino acid composition of marine gastropod, Tibia curta collected from the southwest coast of India. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 5(3): 1058-1076.
Ramya MS, Sivasenmubramanian K, Ravichandran S, Anbuchezhian R. 2014. Screening of antimicrobial compound from the sea slug Armina babai. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology 9(3): 268-274.
Rasyid A, Dody S. 2018. Evaluation of the nutritional value and heavy metal content of the dried marine gastropod Laevistrombus turturella. AACL Bioflux 11(6): 1799-1806.
Saad HA, Alim DI. 2015. Amino acids profile of some economically important marine and freshwater fish from Sudan. International Journal of Advanced Research 3(2): 838-844.
?anl-Mohamed G, Turan T, Ekiz HA, Baran Y. 2011. The importance of protein profiling in the diagnosis and treatment of hematologic malignancies. Turkish Journal of Hematology 28(1): 1-14.
Schaffer S, Kim HW. 2018. Effects and mechanisms of taurine as a therapeutic agent. Biomolecules and Therapeutics 26(3): 225-241.
Solanki D, Kanejiya J, Gohil B. 2017. Studies on ecological status, nutritive values and exploitation of Peronia verruculata, Cuvier, 1830 (Gastropoda: Onchidiidae) from Gulf of Khambhat, India. Journal of Zoology Studies 4(3): 24-28.
Suseno SH, Hayati S, Faradila RRT, Nurjanah, Suptijah P, Nugraha R, Saraswati. 2014. Inventory and extraction of taurine from deep sea fishes: Escolar (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum) and lobster. Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology 6(2): 241-247.
Vennila R, Rajesh RK, Kanchana S, Arumugam M, Balasubramanian T. 2011. Investigation of antimicrobial and plasma coagulation property of some molluscan ink extracts: Gastropods and cephalopods. African Journal of Biochemistry Research 5(1): 14-21.
Xu G, Yang T, Wang D, Li J, Liu X, Wu X, Shen H. 2018. A comprehensive comparison of four species of Onchidiidae provides insights on the morphological and molecular adaptations of invertebrates from shallow seas to wetlands. PLoS ONE 13(4). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196252