Molecular characterization of eight horse breeds in Algeria using microsatellite markers
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Abstract. Amine BME, Naima B, Mohammed B, Abdelkader AA, Youssouf HH, Mohammed P, Suheill GSB. 2020. Molecular characterization of eight horse breeds in Algeria using microsatellite markers. Biodiversitas 21: 4107-4115. The Algerian horse population Bar, Origin Barb unknown, Arabian-Barb, Arabian, Thoroughbred (Pur sang); French Trotter, Algerian saddle, and Saddle are under a significant loss of genetic variability. This should be evaluated before any breed conservation and management program. For this purpose, genetic analyzes of diversity and differentiation were carried out on eight breeds horses reared in Algeria with 17 microsatellites. All microsatellite markers were highly polymorphic in all Breeds. A total of 170 alleles from 17 microsatellite loci were detected in 279 horses. The average number of alleles per locus was highest in Arabian-Barb horses (7.88) and lowest in Saddle breed (4.94). The observed heterozygosity interbreeds ranged from 0.685 to 0.625 for Barb and Saddle, while the expected heterozygosity was ranged from 0.746 to 0.678 for Arabian-Barb and Algerian Saddle respectively, the Ho value is lower than that of He value. Genetic diversity between breeds was significant, based on Fst. Three different approaches to assess genetic relationships have been applied; namely, genetic distances, factorial correspondence analysis, and admixture analysis have shown that a significant amount of genetic variation is maintained in populations of native horses and other breeds: the Barb, Arabian-Barb, Barb (Oi). Algerian Saddle and Saddle breeds appear to be the most genetically related and support that there are crosses between these two breeds.
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References
Journal:
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Belkhir K, Borsa P, Goudet J, Chikhi L, Bonhomme F, 2001. GENETIX : logiciel sous WindowsTM pour la genetique des populations, Laboratoire Genome et Populations, CNRS UPR 9060, Université Montpellier II, France.
Benhamadi Mohammed, Mezouar Kamel, Benyarou Mohammed, Bouetas Ameur, Gaouar Semir Bechir Suheil (2017). Morphometric Characterization Of The Equine Barb Breed In Northwest Of Algeria Genetics et Biodiversity Journal .Volume 1, Numéro 2, Pages 48-65.
Benhammadi Mohammed el Amine, Kamel Mezouar, Suheil .B.S Gaouar (2019). livre intitulé “Caractérisation morphomètrique de la Breed équine Barb dans l’Algérie”, ISBN 978-613-8-45233-1.
Berber Naima (2016) .thèses Doctorat : Constitution d’une biothéque d’ADN équin. Caractérisation génétique des Breeds équines en Algérie par l’étude des microsatellites.
Bjørnstad G., Gunby E., Røed K.H (2000) .Genetic structure of Norwegian horse breeds. J. Anim. Breed. Genet., 117, 307–317.
Botstein D, White RL, Skolnick M, Davis RW (1980). Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Am J Hum Genet. 32:314–
DAD-IS consulté en octobre (2018). « Browse by species et country : Algeria, Horse » [archive], DAD-IS (consulté en octobre 2018).
Dakin EE, Avise JC (2004). Microsatellite null alleles in parentage analysis. Heredity. 93:504–509.
Dorji J, Tamang S, Tshewang T, Dorji T, Dorji TY (2018). Genetic diversity et population structure of three traditional horse breeds of Bhutan based on 29 DNA microsatellite markers. PLoS ONE 13(6): e0199376. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0199376.
Élise Rousseau (2014), Élise Rousseau (ill. Yann Le Bris), Tous les chevaux du monde, Delachaux et Niestlé, septembre 2014, 544 p. (ISBN 2-603-01865-5), p. 395.
Falush D, Stephens M, Pritchard JK (2007). Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data: dominant markers et null alleles, Mol, Ecol, Notes, 7:574–578.
Felsenstein. J. (2013).PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package) version 3.695. Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle.
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H.Ouled Ahmed, M.Fatnassi, H. Ferchichi, R. Baccouche, F. Lasfar, M. Zaouia , A Ben Younes, M.Haddad, A. Trimeche (2018). Analyse génétique et relations phylogénétiques du cheval Barbe par l’utilisation des microsatellites.Revue Méd. Vét., 2018, 169, 4-6, 103-109.
Hubisz MJ, Falush D, Stephens M, Pritchard JK (2009). Inferring weak population structure with the assistance of sample group information, Mol, Ecol, Resour, 9:1322–1332. Joo-Hee Seo, Kyung-Do Park, Hak-Kyo Lee et Hong-Sik Kong 2016. Genetic diversity of Halla horses using microsatellite markers. Seo et al. Journal of Animal Science et Technology (2016) 58:40DOI 10.1186/s40781-016-0120-6.
Huson D.H., Bryant D. (2006) Application of phylogenetic networks in evolutionary studies. Mol. Biol. Evol., 23, 254–267.
Pritchard JK, Stephens M, Donnelly P (2000). Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data, Genetics, 155: 945–959.
Kadri (2006) . Le cheval Barb, cheval du Nord de l’Afrique, son role^ en Alg_erie. Organis. Mond. Cheval Barb, 9, 45.
Kalinowski ST, Taper ML, Marshall TC ( 2007). Revising how the computer program CERVUS accommodates genotyping error increases success in paternity assignment, Molecular Ecology 16:1099-1106.
Khanshour A., Conant E., Juras R., Cothran E.G (2013). Microsatellite analysis of genetic diversity et population structure of Arabian horse populations. J. Hered., 3, 386–398.
Leroy G., Verrier E., Meriaux J.C., Ricard A., Danchin Burge C., Rognon X (2009). Genetic diversity of a large set of horse breeds raised in France assessed by microsatellite polymorphism. Genet. Sel. Evol., 41, 5.
Lippi A.S., Mortari N (2003) .Studies of blood groups et protein polymorphisms in the Brazilian horse breeds Mangalarga Marchador et Mangalarga (Equus cabal-lus). Genet. Mol. Biol., 26, 431–434.
Luis C., Juras R., Oom M.M., Cothran E.G (2007). Genetic diversity et relationships of Portuguese et other horse breeds based on protein et microsatellite loci variation. Animal Genetics. 38, 20–27.
Mario Cosenza, Valentina La Rosa, Raffaella Rosati & Vincenzo Chiofalo (2019).Genetic diversity of the Italian thoroughbred horse population, Italian Journal of Animal Science, 18:1, 538-545, DOI: 10.1080/1828051X.2018.1547128 ,To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2018.1547128
Marshall TC (2006). CERVUS, 3,0, Cervus is a computer program for assignment of parents to their offspring using genetic markers, Cervus, a Windows package for parentage analysis using likelihood approach, CERVUS was written by Tristan Marshall (1998/2006) http://www,fieldgenetics,com (Eri?imtarihi: 02,07,2008).
Miller et al (1988). Miller S.A., Dykes D.D., Polesky H.F. (1988) A simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells. Nucleic Acids Research. 16, 1215.
N Berber , S Gaouar ,G Leroy, S Kdidi, N Tabet Aouel & N Sa?di Mehtar (2014).Molecular characterization et differentiation of five horse breeds raised in Algeria using polymorphic microsatellite markers. accepted: 16 April 2014 J. Anim. Breed. Gene. ISSN 0931-2668.
Ouragh L., Meriaux J.C., Braun J.P (1994). Genetic blood markers in Arabian, Barb et Arab-Barb horses in Mor-occo. Anim. Genet., 25, 45–47.
Peakall R, Smouse PE (2006). GENALEX 6: Genetic Analysis in Excel, Population genetic software for teaching et research, MolEcol Notes, 6: 288–295.
Peakall R, Smouse PE (2012). GenAlEx 6,5: genetic analysis in Excel, Population genetic software for teaching et research – an update, Bioinformatics 28: 2537-2539.
Yeh FC, Yang RC, Boyle TBJ (1997). POPGENE: the user-friendly shareware for population genetic analysis. Edmonton, AB, Canada: University of Alberta.
Perez-Gutierrez L.M, De la Pena A, Arana P (2008).Genetic analysis of the Hispano-Breton heavy horse.International Society for Animal Genetics, Animal Genetics, 39:506-514.
Piro M, H. Alyakine, M. Ezzaouia, F. Lasfar, H. Ouled Ahmed, L. Ouragh (2019). Analyse génétique et relations phylogénétiques du cheval Barbe par l’utilisation des microsatellites. Rev. Mar. Sci. Agron. Vét. (2019) 7 (1): 149-157.
Putnová L., Štohl R., Vrtková I (2019). Using nuclear microsatellite data to trace the gene flow et population structure in Czech horses. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 64: 67–77.
Rahal Guedioura A, Oumouna M (2009). Morphometric parameters of the Chaouchaoua Barb horse. Rev Méd Vét. 160, 586–589.
Rahal K. (2005) .Le Barb en Algérie, un acteur de développement durable des régions rurales. Le monde hippique, 48, 27–29.
Zabek T., Nogaj A., Radko A., Nogaj J., Slota E (2005) .Genetic variation of Polish endangered Bilgoraj horses et two common horse breeds in microsatellite loci. Journal of Applied Genetics. 46, 299–305.
Book:
Ahmed Rayan (2015) .Parution du livre de Ahmed Rayane :"Le Barb dans sa première greteur"Publié le 7 septembre 2015 par LAGHOUATI
Behl R., Behl J., Gupta N., Gupta S.C. (2007). Genetic rela-tionships of five Indian horse breeds using microsatellite markers. Animal, 1, 483–488.
Belkhir K, Borsa P, Goudet J, Chikhi L, Bonhomme F, 2001. GENETIX : logiciel sous WindowsTM pour la genetique des populations, Laboratoire Genome et Populations, CNRS UPR 9060, Université Montpellier II, France.
Benhamadi Mohammed, Mezouar Kamel, Benyarou Mohammed, Bouetas Ameur, Gaouar Semir Bechir Suheil (2017). Morphometric Characterization Of The Equine Barb Breed In Northwest Of Algeria Genetics et Biodiversity Journal .Volume 1, Numéro 2, Pages 48-65.
Benhammadi Mohammed el Amine, Kamel Mezouar, Suheil .B.S Gaouar (2019). livre intitulé “Caractérisation morphomètrique de la Breed équine Barb dans l’Algérie”, ISBN 978-613-8-45233-1.
Berber Naima (2016) .thèses Doctorat : Constitution d’une biothéque d’ADN équin. Caractérisation génétique des Breeds équines en Algérie par l’étude des microsatellites.
Bjørnstad G., Gunby E., Røed K.H (2000) .Genetic structure of Norwegian horse breeds. J. Anim. Breed. Genet., 117, 307–317.
Botstein D, White RL, Skolnick M, Davis RW (1980). Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Am J Hum Genet. 32:314–
DAD-IS consulté en octobre (2018). « Browse by species et country : Algeria, Horse » [archive], DAD-IS (consulté en octobre 2018).
Dakin EE, Avise JC (2004). Microsatellite null alleles in parentage analysis. Heredity. 93:504–509.
Dorji J, Tamang S, Tshewang T, Dorji T, Dorji TY (2018). Genetic diversity et population structure of three traditional horse breeds of Bhutan based on 29 DNA microsatellite markers. PLoS ONE 13(6): e0199376. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0199376.
Élise Rousseau (2014), Élise Rousseau (ill. Yann Le Bris), Tous les chevaux du monde, Delachaux et Niestlé, septembre 2014, 544 p. (ISBN 2-603-01865-5), p. 395.
Falush D, Stephens M, Pritchard JK (2007). Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data: dominant markers et null alleles, Mol, Ecol, Notes, 7:574–578.
Felsenstein. J. (2013).PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package) version 3.695. Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle.
Goudet J (2001). FSTAT, A Program to Estimate et Test Gene Diversities et Fixation Indices (Version 2.9.3). Universite0 de Lausanne, Lausanne, Suisse (available at: http://www2.unil.ch/popgen/softwares/fstat.htm last accessed 1 October 2011).
H.Ouled Ahmed, M.Fatnassi, H. Ferchichi, R. Baccouche, F. Lasfar, M. Zaouia , A Ben Younes, M.Haddad, A. Trimeche (2018). Analyse génétique et relations phylogénétiques du cheval Barbe par l’utilisation des microsatellites.Revue Méd. Vét., 2018, 169, 4-6, 103-109.
Hubisz MJ, Falush D, Stephens M, Pritchard JK (2009). Inferring weak population structure with the assistance of sample group information, Mol, Ecol, Resour, 9:1322–1332. Joo-Hee Seo, Kyung-Do Park, Hak-Kyo Lee et Hong-Sik Kong 2016. Genetic diversity of Halla horses using microsatellite markers. Seo et al. Journal of Animal Science et Technology (2016) 58:40DOI 10.1186/s40781-016-0120-6.
Huson D.H., Bryant D. (2006) Application of phylogenetic networks in evolutionary studies. Mol. Biol. Evol., 23, 254–267.
Pritchard JK, Stephens M, Donnelly P (2000). Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data, Genetics, 155: 945–959.
Kadri (2006) . Le cheval Barb, cheval du Nord de l’Afrique, son role^ en Alg_erie. Organis. Mond. Cheval Barb, 9, 45.
Kalinowski ST, Taper ML, Marshall TC ( 2007). Revising how the computer program CERVUS accommodates genotyping error increases success in paternity assignment, Molecular Ecology 16:1099-1106.
Khanshour A., Conant E., Juras R., Cothran E.G (2013). Microsatellite analysis of genetic diversity et population structure of Arabian horse populations. J. Hered., 3, 386–398.
Leroy G., Verrier E., Meriaux J.C., Ricard A., Danchin Burge C., Rognon X (2009). Genetic diversity of a large set of horse breeds raised in France assessed by microsatellite polymorphism. Genet. Sel. Evol., 41, 5.
Lippi A.S., Mortari N (2003) .Studies of blood groups et protein polymorphisms in the Brazilian horse breeds Mangalarga Marchador et Mangalarga (Equus cabal-lus). Genet. Mol. Biol., 26, 431–434.
Luis C., Juras R., Oom M.M., Cothran E.G (2007). Genetic diversity et relationships of Portuguese et other horse breeds based on protein et microsatellite loci variation. Animal Genetics. 38, 20–27.
Mario Cosenza, Valentina La Rosa, Raffaella Rosati & Vincenzo Chiofalo (2019).Genetic diversity of the Italian thoroughbred horse population, Italian Journal of Animal Science, 18:1, 538-545, DOI: 10.1080/1828051X.2018.1547128 ,To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2018.1547128
Marshall TC (2006). CERVUS, 3,0, Cervus is a computer program for assignment of parents to their offspring using genetic markers, Cervus, a Windows package for parentage analysis using likelihood approach, CERVUS was written by Tristan Marshall (1998/2006) http://www,fieldgenetics,com (Eri?imtarihi: 02,07,2008).
Miller et al (1988). Miller S.A., Dykes D.D., Polesky H.F. (1988) A simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells. Nucleic Acids Research. 16, 1215.
N Berber , S Gaouar ,G Leroy, S Kdidi, N Tabet Aouel & N Sa?di Mehtar (2014).Molecular characterization et differentiation of five horse breeds raised in Algeria using polymorphic microsatellite markers. accepted: 16 April 2014 J. Anim. Breed. Gene. ISSN 0931-2668.
Ouragh L., Meriaux J.C., Braun J.P (1994). Genetic blood markers in Arabian, Barb et Arab-Barb horses in Mor-occo. Anim. Genet., 25, 45–47.
Peakall R, Smouse PE (2006). GENALEX 6: Genetic Analysis in Excel, Population genetic software for teaching et research, MolEcol Notes, 6: 288–295.
Peakall R, Smouse PE (2012). GenAlEx 6,5: genetic analysis in Excel, Population genetic software for teaching et research – an update, Bioinformatics 28: 2537-2539.
Yeh FC, Yang RC, Boyle TBJ (1997). POPGENE: the user-friendly shareware for population genetic analysis. Edmonton, AB, Canada: University of Alberta.
Perez-Gutierrez L.M, De la Pena A, Arana P (2008).Genetic analysis of the Hispano-Breton heavy horse.International Society for Animal Genetics, Animal Genetics, 39:506-514.
Piro M, H. Alyakine, M. Ezzaouia, F. Lasfar, H. Ouled Ahmed, L. Ouragh (2019). Analyse génétique et relations phylogénétiques du cheval Barbe par l’utilisation des microsatellites. Rev. Mar. Sci. Agron. Vét. (2019) 7 (1): 149-157.
Putnová L., Štohl R., Vrtková I (2019). Using nuclear microsatellite data to trace the gene flow et population structure in Czech horses. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 64: 67–77.
Rahal Guedioura A, Oumouna M (2009). Morphometric parameters of the Chaouchaoua Barb horse. Rev Méd Vét. 160, 586–589.
Rahal K. (2005) .Le Barb en Algérie, un acteur de développement durable des régions rurales. Le monde hippique, 48, 27–29.
Zabek T., Nogaj A., Radko A., Nogaj J., Slota E (2005) .Genetic variation of Polish endangered Bilgoraj horses et two common horse breeds in microsatellite loci. Journal of Applied Genetics. 46, 299–305.
Book:
Ahmed Rayan (2015) .Parution du livre de Ahmed Rayane :"Le Barb dans sa première greteur"Publié le 7 septembre 2015 par LAGHOUATI