Short Communication: The fruit plant species diversity in the home gardens and their contribution to the livelihood of communities in rural area
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Abstract. Elfrida, Mubarak A, Suwardi AB. 2020. Short Communication: The fruit plant species diversity in the home gardens and their contribution to the livelihood of rural communities in Tenggulun Sub-district, Aceh Tamiang, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3670-3675. Home gardens have a significant potential to improve food security and offer a contribution to household income for communities in rural areas. The aim of this study was to assess the diversity of fruit plant species in the home gardens and their contribution to the livelihood of rural communities in Tenggulun Sub-district, Indonesia. The study was conducted in three villages of Tenggulun Sub-district, Aceh Tamiang District, namely Tenggulun, Selamat, and Simpang Kiri. Extensive field surveys, plant collections, and interviews with local communities were conducted, involving 350 households, using random sampling methods. A total of 39 fruit plant species consisting of 23 genera and 17 families were recorded at the three villages. Sixteen species, i.e., A. muricata, A. jiringa, Artocarpus integer, Averrhoa bilimbi, Baccaurea motleyana, Carica papaya, Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus hystrix, Garcinia mangostana, Mangifera indica, Manilkara zapota, Musa x paradisiaca, Nephelium lappaceum, Psidium guajava, Spondias pinnata, and Syzygium aqueum were the most frequently recorded in all of the villages. In addition to being used as food, the fruit plants in the study area were also used as medicines, fodder, fuelwood, and household items. The fruit plant species have a significant role in supporting household livelihoods to improve food security and potentially offer a household income for the rural community in the study area.
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References
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Bvenura C, Sivakumar D. 2007. The role of wild fruits and vegetables in delivering a balanced and healthy diet. Food Research International 99: 15–30
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George MV, Christopher G. 2019. Structure, diversity and utilization of plant species in tribal homegardens of Kerala, India. Agroforest Syst 94: 297–307
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Kehlenbeck K, Maass BL. 2004. Crop diversity and classification of homegardens in central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Agrofor Syst 63: 53-62.
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Méndez VE, Lok R, Somarriba E. 2001. Interdisciplinary analysis of homegardens in Nicaragua: Micro-zonation, plant use and socioeconomic importance. Agrofor Syst 51: 85-96.
Moreno-Calles A, Casas A, Blancas J, Caballero J, Garcia-Barrios L, Perez-Negron E, Ragel-Landa S. 2010. Agroforestry systems and biodiversity conservation in arid zones: the case of the Tehuacán Valley, Central México. Agrofor Syst 80: 315-331.
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Prasetyo. 2007. Fruit of plant diversity at home-garden of Jabon Mekar village, subdistrict of Parung, Bogor regency. BIODIVERSITAS 8(1): 43-47
Roy A, Geetha RV, Lakshmi T. 2011. Averrhoa bilimbi Linn–Nature’s Drug Store- A Pharmacological Review. International Journal of Drug Development & Research 3(3): 101-106
Senanayake RL. Sangakkara UR, Pushpakumara DKNG, Stamp P. 2009. Vegetation composition and ecological benefits of home gardens in the Meegahakiula Region of Sri Lanka. Trop Agric Res. 21 (1): 1-9
Silalahi S, Nisyawati. 2018. The ethnobotanical study of edible and medicinal plants in the home garden of Batak Karo sub-ethnic in North Sumatra, Indonesia. BIODIVERSITAS 19(1): 229-238
Sunwar S, Thornstrom CG, Subdeb A, Bystrom M. 2006. Homegardens in western Nepal: opportunities and challenges for onfarm management of agro-biodiversity. Biodivers. Conserv. 15:42114238.
Suwardi AB, Indriaty, Navia ZI. 2018. Nutritional evaluation of some wild edible tuberous plants as an alternative foods. Innovare Journal of Food Sciences 6(2): 9-12
Suwardi AB, Navia ZI, Harmawan T, Syamsuardi, Mukhtar E. 2019. The diversity of wild edible fruit plants and traditional knowledge in West Aceh region, Indonesia. Journal of Medicinal Plants 7 (4): 285-290
Suwardi AB, Navia ZI, Harmawan T, Nuraini, Syamsuardi, Mukhtar E. 2020a. Ethnobotany, nutritional composition and sensory evaluation of Garcinia from Aceh, Indonesia. Materials Science and Engineering 725 (1): 012064
Suwardi AB, Navia ZI, Harmawan T, Syamsuardi, Mukhtar E. 2020b. Ethnobotany and conservation of indigenous edible fruit plants in South Aceh, Indonesia. BIODIVERSITAS 21(5): 1850-1860
Tefera M, Mirutse G, Ensermu K. 2015. Ethnobotanical study of homegarden plants in Sebeta-Awas District of the Oromia Region of Ethiopia to assess use, species diversity and management practices. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 11:64
The Central Bureau of Statistics of Aceh Tamiang Regency. 2019. Tenggulun District in figure 2019. The Central Bureau of Statistics of Aceh Tengah Regency, Aceh Tamiang Regency, Indonesia
Thomas E, Vandebroek I, Goetghebeur P, Sanca S, Arrazola S, Van DP. 2008. The relationship between plant use and plant diversity in the Bolivian Andes, with special reference to medicinal plant use. Human Ecol 36: 861-879
Tsegazeabe H, Haileselasie M, Mekonen T, Ghiwot G, Gebremichael E, Solomon A. 2012. Hiluf agroforestry practices and biodiversity management in backyards in Hiwane, Hintalo Wejerat of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Asian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4(2): 110-116
Tynsong HB, Tiwari K. 2010. Plant diversity in the homegardens and their significance in the livelihoods of War khasi community of Meghalaya, North- East India. J. Biodivers. 1:1-11.
van Heezik YM, Dickinsonb KJM, Freeman C, Porterc S. 2014. Native and exotic woody vegetation communities in domestic gardens in relation to social and environmental factors. Ecology and Society. 19(4): 17
Wahab NHBA, Effendy M, Mariam, Zuraida W, Aqilah S. 2009. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial efficacy of extracts from Averrhoa bilimbi (Oxalidaceace) fruits against human pathogenic bacteria. Journal of pharmacognosy 1(1):64-66
Yuliawati NWP, Wiraatmaja IW, Yuswanti H. 2016. Identification and characterization of genetic resources of local fruits in Gianyar. E-Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika 5(3): 297-309
Amalina IF, Haziq JM, Syukor ARA, Rashid AHM, Izzati KAN. 2020. Formulation of Capra hircus feed to utilize Artocarpus heterophyllus leaves and palm acid oil (PAO). Materials Science and Engineering 736: 022016
Arora RK, Anjula P. 1996. Wild edible plants of India: diversity conservation and use. ICAR New Delhi, India
Barbour, G.M., Burk, J.K., and Pitts, W.D. 1987. Terrestrial Plant Ecology. New York: The Benyamin /Cummings Publishing Company.
Beyene M, Mohammed M, Nigatu L. 2018. Plant Species Diversity and structure in homegarden agroforestry systems of Bulen District, North-Western Ethiopia. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 7(3): 121-132
Bvenura C, Sivakumar D. 2007. The role of wild fruits and vegetables in delivering a balanced and healthy diet. Food Research International 99: 15–30
Das T, Das AK. 2005. Inventorying plant biodiversity in homegardens: a case study in Barak Valley, Assam, North East India. Curr Sci 89(1):155–163
George MV, Christopher G. 2019. Structure, diversity and utilization of plant species in tribal homegardens of Kerala, India. Agroforest Syst 94: 297–307
Hasim, Arifin YY, Andrianto D, Faridah DN. 2019. Ethanol extracts of Averrhoa bilimbi leaf demonstrated antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity. Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan 8 (3): 86-93
Kaswanto, Nakagoshi N. 2012. Revitalizing home gardens, a small agroforestry landscape for a low carbon society. Hikobia 16:161-171
Kehlenbeck K, Maass BL. 2004. Crop diversity and classification of homegardens in central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Agrofor Syst 63: 53-62.
Khruomo N, Deb CR. 2018. Indigenous Wild edible fruits: sustainable resources for food, medicine and income generation - A study from Nagaland, India. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 6(2): 405-413
Kumar BM, Nair PKR. 2004. The enigma of tropical homegardens. Agrofor Syst 61: 135-152.
Kumar BM, Nair PKR. 2006. Tropical homegardens. A time-tested example of sustainable agroforestry. Advances in Agroforestry. vol 3. Springer, Dordrecht
Kumar AS, Kavimani S., Jayaveera K.N. 2011. A review on medicinal plants with potential antidiabetic activity. International Journal of Phytopharmacology 2(2): 53-60.
Kusharto CM. 2006. Dietary Fiber and Its Role for Health. Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan 1(2): 45-54
Larios C, Casas A, Vallejo M, Moreno-Calles AI, Blancas J. 2013. plant management and biodiversity conservation in Náhuatl homegardens of the Tehuacán Valley, Mexico. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 9 (74): 1-16.
Mabaya E, Jackson J, Ruethling G, Carter CM, Castle J. 2014. Wild fruits of Africa: Commercializing natural products to improve rural livelihoods in southern Africa. Int Food Agribus Man 17: 69-74
Mathewos M, Hundera K, Biber-Freudenberger L. 2018. Planting Fruits and vegetables in homegarden as a way to improve livelihoods and conserve. Plant Biodiversity. Agriculture 8: 190.
Méndez VE, Lok R, Somarriba E. 2001. Interdisciplinary analysis of homegardens in Nicaragua: Micro-zonation, plant use and socioeconomic importance. Agrofor Syst 51: 85-96.
Moreno-Calles A, Casas A, Blancas J, Caballero J, Garcia-Barrios L, Perez-Negron E, Ragel-Landa S. 2010. Agroforestry systems and biodiversity conservation in arid zones: the case of the Tehuacán Valley, Central México. Agrofor Syst 80: 315-331.
Mwema CM, Mutai BK, Lagat JK, Kibet LK, Maina MC. 2012. Contribution of selected indigenous fruits on household income and food security in Mwingi, Kenya. Curr Res J Soc Sci 4 (6): 425-430
Navia ZI, Chikmawati T. 2015. Durio tanjungpurensis (Malvaceae), a new species and its one new variety from West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Bangladesh J Bot 44 (3): 429-436
Navia ZI, Suwardi AB, Saputri A. 2017. Tracking species diversity of crops fruit as nutrition sources for communities in Langsa, Aceh. In Agustien, A., Syaifullah, Pitopang, RP, Nurainas, Ilyas, S. & Kurniawan, R.(ed.) Proc.Sem.Nas. Biodiversitas dan Ekologi Tropika Indonesia Ke-4 dan Kongres Penggalang Taksonomi Tumbuhan Indonesia Ke-12. Padang
Navia ZI, Suwardi AB, Saputri A. 2019. Characterization of local fruits in the Leuser Ecosystem of Aceh Tamiang District, Aceh. Bul. Plasma Nutfah 25 (2): 133-142 ‘
Navia ZI, Suwardi AB, Harmawan T, Syamsuardi, Mukhtar E. 2020. The diversity and contribution of indigenous edible fruit plants to the rural community in the Gayo Highlands, Indonesia. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics 121(1): 89-98
Prasetyo. 2007. Fruit of plant diversity at home-garden of Jabon Mekar village, subdistrict of Parung, Bogor regency. BIODIVERSITAS 8(1): 43-47
Roy A, Geetha RV, Lakshmi T. 2011. Averrhoa bilimbi Linn–Nature’s Drug Store- A Pharmacological Review. International Journal of Drug Development & Research 3(3): 101-106
Senanayake RL. Sangakkara UR, Pushpakumara DKNG, Stamp P. 2009. Vegetation composition and ecological benefits of home gardens in the Meegahakiula Region of Sri Lanka. Trop Agric Res. 21 (1): 1-9
Silalahi S, Nisyawati. 2018. The ethnobotanical study of edible and medicinal plants in the home garden of Batak Karo sub-ethnic in North Sumatra, Indonesia. BIODIVERSITAS 19(1): 229-238
Sunwar S, Thornstrom CG, Subdeb A, Bystrom M. 2006. Homegardens in western Nepal: opportunities and challenges for onfarm management of agro-biodiversity. Biodivers. Conserv. 15:42114238.
Suwardi AB, Indriaty, Navia ZI. 2018. Nutritional evaluation of some wild edible tuberous plants as an alternative foods. Innovare Journal of Food Sciences 6(2): 9-12
Suwardi AB, Navia ZI, Harmawan T, Syamsuardi, Mukhtar E. 2019. The diversity of wild edible fruit plants and traditional knowledge in West Aceh region, Indonesia. Journal of Medicinal Plants 7 (4): 285-290
Suwardi AB, Navia ZI, Harmawan T, Nuraini, Syamsuardi, Mukhtar E. 2020a. Ethnobotany, nutritional composition and sensory evaluation of Garcinia from Aceh, Indonesia. Materials Science and Engineering 725 (1): 012064
Suwardi AB, Navia ZI, Harmawan T, Syamsuardi, Mukhtar E. 2020b. Ethnobotany and conservation of indigenous edible fruit plants in South Aceh, Indonesia. BIODIVERSITAS 21(5): 1850-1860
Tefera M, Mirutse G, Ensermu K. 2015. Ethnobotanical study of homegarden plants in Sebeta-Awas District of the Oromia Region of Ethiopia to assess use, species diversity and management practices. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 11:64
The Central Bureau of Statistics of Aceh Tamiang Regency. 2019. Tenggulun District in figure 2019. The Central Bureau of Statistics of Aceh Tengah Regency, Aceh Tamiang Regency, Indonesia
Thomas E, Vandebroek I, Goetghebeur P, Sanca S, Arrazola S, Van DP. 2008. The relationship between plant use and plant diversity in the Bolivian Andes, with special reference to medicinal plant use. Human Ecol 36: 861-879
Tsegazeabe H, Haileselasie M, Mekonen T, Ghiwot G, Gebremichael E, Solomon A. 2012. Hiluf agroforestry practices and biodiversity management in backyards in Hiwane, Hintalo Wejerat of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Asian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4(2): 110-116
Tynsong HB, Tiwari K. 2010. Plant diversity in the homegardens and their significance in the livelihoods of War khasi community of Meghalaya, North- East India. J. Biodivers. 1:1-11.
van Heezik YM, Dickinsonb KJM, Freeman C, Porterc S. 2014. Native and exotic woody vegetation communities in domestic gardens in relation to social and environmental factors. Ecology and Society. 19(4): 17
Wahab NHBA, Effendy M, Mariam, Zuraida W, Aqilah S. 2009. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial efficacy of extracts from Averrhoa bilimbi (Oxalidaceace) fruits against human pathogenic bacteria. Journal of pharmacognosy 1(1):64-66
Yuliawati NWP, Wiraatmaja IW, Yuswanti H. 2016. Identification and characterization of genetic resources of local fruits in Gianyar. E-Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika 5(3): 297-309
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