Crowing characteristics of Pelung chickens at different age and body weight
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Abstract. Asmara IY, Garnida D, Partasasmita R. 2020. Crowing characteristics of Pelung chickens at different age and body weight. Biodiversitas 21: 4339-4344. Crowing characteristics such as duration, frequency, and intensity are important factors to consider in determining a good Pelung. Age and body weight are among other factors being assumed to affect crowing characteristics. The study was conducted to determine the crowing characteristics of different age and body weight. A survey was carried out in Bandung, Cianjur, and Sukabumi Districts, West Java Province, Indonesia in which a total of 98 birds was selected using a purposive technique. The observed parameters were the duration, frequency, and intensity of crowing. The duration was the length of crowing measured by seconds. Frequency is several crowing in a particular time measured by times. Intensity is the magnitude of crowing measured by decibel. The crowing was recorded from 7 AM-2 PM. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and Mann-Whitney U Test to compare data differences between research areas. The study found that the crowing duration of Pelung roosters tends to increase in older birds, but the decrease in heavier birds. Crowing frequency increase along with age and body weight. Crowing intensity is similar in different age groups, while the intensity tends to decrease in the heavier group. The results provide evidence that age and body weight of chickens are an important aspect in Pelung contest and age should be considered as a new category in Pelung contest.
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References
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Asmara IY, Garnida D, Tanwiriah W, Partasasmita R. 2019a. Qualitative morphological diversity of female Pelung Chickens in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 20(1): 126-133
Asmara IY, Garnida D, Setiawan I, Partasasmita R. 2019b. Short Communication: Phenotypic diversity of male pelung chickens in West Java Province, Indonesia, 20(8): 2243-2248
Asmara IY, Garnida D, Partasasmita R. 2020. Short Communication: Duration and volume of crowing of Pelung chickens of West Java, Indonesia, 21(2): 748-752
Bortoluzzi C, Crooijmans RPMA, Bosse M, Hiemstra SJ. Groenen MAM, Jan Megens H. 2018. The effects of recent changes in breeding preferences on maintaining traditional Dutch chicken genomic diversity, Heredity, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41437-018-0072-3
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Cianjur Regency Office of Information Communication and Statistics 2017. Geographical location, https://cianjurkab.go.id/profil-cianjur/letak-geografis/ [Indonesian]
Daryono BS, Mushlih M, Perdamaian ABI, 2020. Vocalization characters and forkhead box P2 (FoxP2) polymorphism in Indonesian crowing-type chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus). Iranian J App Anim Sci, 10(1): 131-140.
Diwyanto K, Iskandar S. 1999. Kampung chickens: a key part of Indonesia's livestock sector, in Livestock industries of Indonesia prior to the Asian financial crisis. FAO
Diwyanto K, Prijono SN. (eds) 2007. Genetic resources diversity of local chickens in Indonesia. LIPI Press, Jakarta, Indonesia, 212.
Directorate General of Livestock Services, 2003. National report on animal genetic resources Indonesia: a strategic policy document. The Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Doupe AJ, Kuhl PK. 1999. Birdsong and human speech: common themes and mechanisms. Ann Rev Neurosci, 22: 567–631.
Favati A, Leimar O, Radesäter T, Løvlie H. 2014 Social status and personality: stability in social state can promote consistency of behavioural responses. Proc. R. Soc. B 281: 20132531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2531
Faustin, V, Adégbidi, Garnett, ST, Koudande, DO, Agbo, V & Zander, KK. 2010. Peace, health or fortune? preferences for chicken traits in rural Benin. Ecolog Eco, 69: 1848– 1857.
Gondwe, TN, Wollny, CBA. 2007. Local chicken production system in Malawi: household flock structure, dynamics, management and health. Trop Anim Health Prod, 39: 103–113.
Hannote O, Toll J, Iniguez L, Rege E. 2005. Farm animal genetic resources: why and what do we need to conserve, paper presented to International Workshop “Options and strategies for the conservation of farm animal genetic resources", Montpellier, France, 7-10 November 2005.
Hippapi. 2005. Enchanting of animal genetic resources in Cianjur. HIPPAPI Kabupaten Cianjur, Cianjur, Indonesia. [Indonesian]
HIPPAPI. 2012. Regeneration and training for juries of pelung chickens. HIPPAPI of Cianjur, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia. [Indonesian]
Komiyama T, Lin M, Ogura A, 2016. A CGH analysis to estimate genetic variations among domesticated chickens, BioMed Research International, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1794329
Jarmani SN, Nataamijaya AG. 1995. Characteristics of the sound of a chicken pelung. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Animal Husbandry and Veterinary. Center for Animal Husbandry Development. Agricultural Research and Development Agency [Indonesian].
Leonard M L, Horn AG. 1995. Crowing in relation to status in roosters. Anim. Behav,49: 1283–1290
Ligon JD, Thornhill R, Zuk M, Johnson K. 1990. Male-male competition, ornamentation and the role of testosterone in sexual selection in red jungle fowl. Anim behav, 40(2), pp.367-373
MacFarland TW, Yates JM. (2016) Mann–Whitney U Test. In: Introduction to Nonparametric Statistics for the Biological Sciences Using R. Springer, Cham
Mench JA, Ottinger MA. 1991. Behavioral and hormonal correlates of social dominance in stable and disrupted groups of male domestic fowl. Hormones behavior, 25(1), pp.112-122.
Minister of Agriculture. 2011. Decree No. 2918/2011: Determination of Pelung chickens as indigenous breed in Indonesia
Muladno. 2008. Local chicken genetic resources and production systems in Indonesia, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
Nataamijaya AG. 2000. The native chicken of Indonesia. Bull Germ Plasm 6 (1): 1-6
Nataamijaya AG. 2005. Characteristic appearance of feather, skin, foot scales, and beak color of the pelung chicken in Garut and sentul chicken in Ciamis, Buletin Plasma Nutfah Vol.11 (1): 1-6 [Indonesian].
Sidadolog JHP. 2007. Pemanfaatan dan kegunaan ayam lokal Indonesia (Utilisation of local chickens in Indonesia), in Diwyanto K, Prijono SN. (eds), Keanekaragaman sumber daya hati ayam lokal Indonesia: manfaat dan potensi, LIPI Press, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Queiroz SA, Cromberg VU. 2006. Aggressive behavior in the genus Gallus sp. Brazilian J Poultry Sci, 8(1), pp.1-14.
Rusfidra. 2007. Bioacoustic assessment of the belengek crown chickens "the local sing fowl" from West Sumatra, National Seminar on Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Technology, Balai Besar Penelitian Veteriner 21-22 august [Indonesian].
Shimmura T, Ohashi S, Yoshimura T. 2015. The highest-ranking rooster has priority to announce the break of dawn. Sci Reports 5:11683
Sukabumi District Government, 2016. Geography of Sukabumi Regency. https://sukabumikab.go.id/portal/profil/ geografi-kabupaten-sukabumi.html [Indonesian]
Sulandari S, Zein MSA, Paryanti S, Sartika T, Astuti M, Widjastuti T, Sujana E, Darana S, Setiawan I, Garnida D. 2007. Local chicken genetic resources, in Diwyanto K, Prijono SN. (eds), The biodiversity of Indonesia's local chicken resources: benefits and potential, LIPI Press, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Indonesian]
Wallschlager D. 1980. Correlation of song frequency and body weight in passerine birds, Experientia 36: 412
Wada M. 1986. Circadian rhythms of testosterone-dependent behaviors, crowing and locomotor activity, in male Japanese quail. J Comparative Physiol A, 158(1), pp.17-25.
Zulistiana T, Abinawanto A. 2017. Morphometric and bioacoustic analysis gaga chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) at Bangkalan, Kamal Madura. AIP Conference Proceedings 2023, 020142 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5064139.
Asmara IY, Garnida D, Sulistyati M, Tejaningsih S, Partasasmita R. 2018. Knowledge and perception of pelung keepers’s toward chicken contests in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 19(6): 2232-2237
Asmara IY, Garnida D, Tanwiriah W, Partasasmita R. 2019a. Qualitative morphological diversity of female Pelung Chickens in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 20(1): 126-133
Asmara IY, Garnida D, Setiawan I, Partasasmita R. 2019b. Short Communication: Phenotypic diversity of male pelung chickens in West Java Province, Indonesia, 20(8): 2243-2248
Asmara IY, Garnida D, Partasasmita R. 2020. Short Communication: Duration and volume of crowing of Pelung chickens of West Java, Indonesia, 21(2): 748-752
Bortoluzzi C, Crooijmans RPMA, Bosse M, Hiemstra SJ. Groenen MAM, Jan Megens H. 2018. The effects of recent changes in breeding preferences on maintaining traditional Dutch chicken genomic diversity, Heredity, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41437-018-0072-3
Brackenbury JH. 1978. Respiratory mechanics of sound production in chickens and geese, J exp Bio. 229-250
Cianjur Regency Office of Information Communication and Statistics 2017. Geographical location, https://cianjurkab.go.id/profil-cianjur/letak-geografis/ [Indonesian]
Daryono BS, Mushlih M, Perdamaian ABI, 2020. Vocalization characters and forkhead box P2 (FoxP2) polymorphism in Indonesian crowing-type chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus). Iranian J App Anim Sci, 10(1): 131-140.
Diwyanto K, Iskandar S. 1999. Kampung chickens: a key part of Indonesia's livestock sector, in Livestock industries of Indonesia prior to the Asian financial crisis. FAO
Diwyanto K, Prijono SN. (eds) 2007. Genetic resources diversity of local chickens in Indonesia. LIPI Press, Jakarta, Indonesia, 212.
Directorate General of Livestock Services, 2003. National report on animal genetic resources Indonesia: a strategic policy document. The Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Doupe AJ, Kuhl PK. 1999. Birdsong and human speech: common themes and mechanisms. Ann Rev Neurosci, 22: 567–631.
Favati A, Leimar O, Radesäter T, Løvlie H. 2014 Social status and personality: stability in social state can promote consistency of behavioural responses. Proc. R. Soc. B 281: 20132531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2531
Faustin, V, Adégbidi, Garnett, ST, Koudande, DO, Agbo, V & Zander, KK. 2010. Peace, health or fortune? preferences for chicken traits in rural Benin. Ecolog Eco, 69: 1848– 1857.
Gondwe, TN, Wollny, CBA. 2007. Local chicken production system in Malawi: household flock structure, dynamics, management and health. Trop Anim Health Prod, 39: 103–113.
Hannote O, Toll J, Iniguez L, Rege E. 2005. Farm animal genetic resources: why and what do we need to conserve, paper presented to International Workshop “Options and strategies for the conservation of farm animal genetic resources", Montpellier, France, 7-10 November 2005.
Hippapi. 2005. Enchanting of animal genetic resources in Cianjur. HIPPAPI Kabupaten Cianjur, Cianjur, Indonesia. [Indonesian]
HIPPAPI. 2012. Regeneration and training for juries of pelung chickens. HIPPAPI of Cianjur, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia. [Indonesian]
Komiyama T, Lin M, Ogura A, 2016. A CGH analysis to estimate genetic variations among domesticated chickens, BioMed Research International, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1794329
Jarmani SN, Nataamijaya AG. 1995. Characteristics of the sound of a chicken pelung. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Animal Husbandry and Veterinary. Center for Animal Husbandry Development. Agricultural Research and Development Agency [Indonesian].
Leonard M L, Horn AG. 1995. Crowing in relation to status in roosters. Anim. Behav,49: 1283–1290
Ligon JD, Thornhill R, Zuk M, Johnson K. 1990. Male-male competition, ornamentation and the role of testosterone in sexual selection in red jungle fowl. Anim behav, 40(2), pp.367-373
MacFarland TW, Yates JM. (2016) Mann–Whitney U Test. In: Introduction to Nonparametric Statistics for the Biological Sciences Using R. Springer, Cham
Mench JA, Ottinger MA. 1991. Behavioral and hormonal correlates of social dominance in stable and disrupted groups of male domestic fowl. Hormones behavior, 25(1), pp.112-122.
Minister of Agriculture. 2011. Decree No. 2918/2011: Determination of Pelung chickens as indigenous breed in Indonesia
Muladno. 2008. Local chicken genetic resources and production systems in Indonesia, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
Nataamijaya AG. 2000. The native chicken of Indonesia. Bull Germ Plasm 6 (1): 1-6
Nataamijaya AG. 2005. Characteristic appearance of feather, skin, foot scales, and beak color of the pelung chicken in Garut and sentul chicken in Ciamis, Buletin Plasma Nutfah Vol.11 (1): 1-6 [Indonesian].
Sidadolog JHP. 2007. Pemanfaatan dan kegunaan ayam lokal Indonesia (Utilisation of local chickens in Indonesia), in Diwyanto K, Prijono SN. (eds), Keanekaragaman sumber daya hati ayam lokal Indonesia: manfaat dan potensi, LIPI Press, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Queiroz SA, Cromberg VU. 2006. Aggressive behavior in the genus Gallus sp. Brazilian J Poultry Sci, 8(1), pp.1-14.
Rusfidra. 2007. Bioacoustic assessment of the belengek crown chickens "the local sing fowl" from West Sumatra, National Seminar on Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Technology, Balai Besar Penelitian Veteriner 21-22 august [Indonesian].
Shimmura T, Ohashi S, Yoshimura T. 2015. The highest-ranking rooster has priority to announce the break of dawn. Sci Reports 5:11683
Sukabumi District Government, 2016. Geography of Sukabumi Regency. https://sukabumikab.go.id/portal/profil/ geografi-kabupaten-sukabumi.html [Indonesian]
Sulandari S, Zein MSA, Paryanti S, Sartika T, Astuti M, Widjastuti T, Sujana E, Darana S, Setiawan I, Garnida D. 2007. Local chicken genetic resources, in Diwyanto K, Prijono SN. (eds), The biodiversity of Indonesia's local chicken resources: benefits and potential, LIPI Press, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Indonesian]
Wallschlager D. 1980. Correlation of song frequency and body weight in passerine birds, Experientia 36: 412
Wada M. 1986. Circadian rhythms of testosterone-dependent behaviors, crowing and locomotor activity, in male Japanese quail. J Comparative Physiol A, 158(1), pp.17-25.
Zulistiana T, Abinawanto A. 2017. Morphometric and bioacoustic analysis gaga chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) at Bangkalan, Kamal Madura. AIP Conference Proceedings 2023, 020142 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5064139.
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