Stem borer insects on Hopea odorata in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
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Abstract. Haneda NF, Furqan M, Suheri M. 2020. Stem borer insects on Hopea odorata in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5308-5316. Hopea odorata Roxb. locally known as “merawan”, is a dipterocarp species that has the potentials to be developed for plantation forestry. Nonetheless, anecdotal evidence in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, suggested that the trees suffered serious attacks caused by stem borer insects, causing defoliation of the crown and leading to stunted growth and death. This phenomenon suggests a more systematic investigation. The objectives of this research were: (i) to identify the species of stem borer which attacked H. odorata; (ii) to investigate the types and forms of the damage of H. odorata tree due to stem borer attack; and (iii) to study the effects of stem borer attack on the tree and wood of H. odorata. The results showed that all species of stem borer insects belong to Coleoptera, namely as Xyleborus perforans (Scolytidae), Xyleborinus perexiguus (Scolytidae), Platypus parallelus (Platypodidae), Belionota prasina (Buprestidae), Curculionid beetle, and Tenebrionid beetle. The number of boring holes on a single tree was 1932 holes, of which 98.6% caused by ambrosia beetles: Xyleborus perforans (1426 holes, 73.8%), Xyleborinus perexiguus (457 holes, 23.7%), and Platypus parallelus (21 holes, 1.1%). The length of boring tunnel at cross-section ranged between 2-35 cm and at longitudinal section ranged between 4-6 cm. The number of boring holes decreased along with the increasing height of tree stem. The patterns of boring tunnel at stem cross-section were branching (X. perforans, P. parallelus); encircled (X. perforans), black stains along their wall (X. perexiguus, X. perforans, P. parallelus).
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References
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Pracaya. 2007. Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman. Penerbit Swadaya. Jakarta
Ramasamy M. 2018. A scientific note on occurance and infestation of jewel beetle Belionata prasina (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) on chasew (Anacardium occidentale). Natl Acad Sci Lett (Short Communication). (DOI: 10.1007/s40009-018-0706-2)
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Sittichaya W, Permkam S, Cognato AI. 2012. Species composition and flight pattern of Xyleborini ambrosia beetles (Col,: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from agricultural areas in Southern Thailand. Ecol Entomol 41: 776-784. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/EN11271)
Soldati F, Soldati L. 2003. Réactualisation de la liste systématique des celéoptéres Tenebrionidae (Alleculinae exculs) de france continental et de corse. Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon. 72: 331-349. (https://doi.org/10.3406/linly.2003.13495)
Soerianegara I, Lemmens RHMJ. 1994. Plant Resources of South-Eeast Asia: Timber Trees: Major Comercial Timbers. Porsea press. Bogor.
Speight MR, Wylie FR. 2000. Insect Pests in Tropical Forestry. CABI Publishing, London
Triwibowo H, Jumani, Emawati H. 2014. Identifikasi hama dan penyakit Shorea leprosula Miq di Taman Nasional Kutai Resort Sangkima Kabupaten Kutai Timur Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. J Agrifor 8:175-184.
Wahyudi A, Sari N, Saridan A, Cahyono DDN, Rayan, Noor M, Fernandes A, Abdurachman, Apriani H, Handayani R, Hardjana AK, Susanty FH, Karmilasanti, Ngatiman, M. Fajri, Wiati CB, Wahyuni T. 2014. Shore Leprosula Miq dan Shorea johorensis Foxw: Ekologi, Silvikultur, Budidaya, dan Pengembangan. BALITBANGHUT. Kaltim.
Basset Y, Aberlench HP, Barrios H, Curletti G, Bérenger JM, Vesco JP, Causse P, Haug A, Hennion AS, Lesobre L, Marqués L, Òmeara R. 2001. Stratification and diel activity of arthtropods in a lowland rainforest in Gabon. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. Lond. 72: 585-607. (DOI:l0.1006/bij1.2001.051)
Beaver RA. 2005. A remarkable new species of Cyclorhipidion hagedron, and new records of bark and ambrosia beetles from Gabon (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytina, and Platypdinae). Entomol. mon. mag.141:113-119.
Beaver RA. 2013. The intensive neotropical ambrosia beetle Euplatypus parallelus (fabricius, 1801) in the oriental region and its pest status (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Plathypodinae). Entomol. mon. mag. 149: 143-154.
Beaver RA, Sittichaya W, Liu LY. 2014. A synopsis of scolytinae ambrosia beetle of Thailand (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa 3875: 001-082. (DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3875.1.1)
Beutel RG, Leschen RAB. 2005. Phylogenetic analysis of staphyliniformia (coleoptera) based on characters of larvae and adults. Syst. Entomol.30: 510-548. (DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2005.00293.x)
Borror DJ, Triplehorn CA, Johnson NF. 1992. Pengenalan Pelajaran Serangga. Penerjemah: Partosoedjono S. Edisi keenam. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta.
Browne FG. 1961. The biology of Malaya scolytinae and platypodidae. Malyan Forest Records 22: 1- 255.
Browne FG. 1968. Pest and Diseases of Forest Plantation Trees. Clarendion Press. Oxford.
Bumrungsri S, Beaver RA, Phongpaichit S, Sittichaya W. 2008. The infestation by an exotic ambrosia beetle, Euplatypus parallelus (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Platypodinae) of angsana trees (Pterocarpus indicus Willd.) in Southern Thailand. J. Sci. Technol. 30: 579-582.
Coulson RN, Witter JA. 1984. Forest Entomology: Ecology and Management. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York.
Firdara EK, Mardji D, Simarangkir BDAS. 2009. Identifikasi jenis penyakit pada lima jenis Diptercarpaceae di Kalampangan Zone Kalimantan Tengah. JKTH 2: 29-42.
Flechtmann CAH, Ottati ALT, Berisford CW. 2001. Ambrosia and bark beetle (Scolytidae: Coleoptera) in pine and eucalypt stands in Southern Brazil. For. Ecol. Manag.142: 183-191. PII: S0 3 7 8 - 1 1 27 ( 0 0 ) 0 0 3 4 9 - 2
French JRJ, Roeper RA. 1975. Studies on the biology of the ambrosia beetle Xyleborus dispar (F.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Z ang Ento 78: 241-247.
Husaeni EA, Kasno, Haneda NF, Rachmatsjah O. 2006. Pengantar Hama Hutan di Indonesia: Bio-ekologi dan Teknik Pengendalian. Departemen Silvikultur Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
Hwayyiz D, Adam NA, Lau WH. Hazmi I. 2016. Distribution of darking beetles (Tenebrionidae) in Malaysia. JEZS 4: 1113-1117.
Jha LK, Sen-Sarma PK., (ed). 2008. Forest entomology. A P H Publishing Corporation. New Delhi.
Junaedi A. 2012. Pertumbuhan dan mutu fisik bibit merawan (Hopea odorata Roxb.) asal sistem koffco di polibag dan potray. JPD 6: 41-50.
Kalshoven LGE. 1981. The Pest of Crops in Indonesia. Penerjemah: Laan PA van Der,. PT. Ichtiar Baru-Van Hoeve. Jakarta.
Kangkamanee T, Sittichaya W, Ngampongsai A, Permkam S, Beaver RA. 2011. Wood-boring beetles (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae, Curculionidae, Platypodinae, and Scolytinae) infesting rubberwood sawn timber in Southern Thailand. J For Res 16: 302-308. (DOI 10.1007/s10310-010-0224-7)
Kirkendall LR, Biedermann PHW, Jordal BH. 2015. Evolution and Diversity of Bark and Ambrosia Beetles Chapter 3. Elsevier. USA. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-417156-5.00003-4
Oberprieler RG, Marvaldi AE, Anderson RS. 2007. Weevils, weevils, weevils everywhere. Zootaxa 1668: 491-520.
Pineda SV, Jones RW, Sandoval VHC, Zú?iga JAO, Martìnez AE. 2014. Bark beetle species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and their vertical distribution on Pinus greggii during an outbreak in the Siera Madre Oriental of Mexico. Southwest. Entomol. 39:193-196. (DOI: 10.3958/059.039.0122)
Ploetz RC, Hulcr J, Wingfield MJ, Beer ZWD. 2013. Destructive tree diseases associated with ambrosia and bark beetles: black swan events in tree phatology?. Plant Dis. 95: 856-87. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-13-0056-FE)
Pracaya. 2007. Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman. Penerbit Swadaya. Jakarta
Ramasamy M. 2018. A scientific note on occurance and infestation of jewel beetle Belionata prasina (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) on chasew (Anacardium occidentale). Natl Acad Sci Lett (Short Communication). (DOI: 10.1007/s40009-018-0706-2)
Sauvard D, Branco M, Lakatos F, Faccoli M, Kirkendall LR. 2010. Weevils and bark beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) chapter 8.2. BioRisk 4: 219–266. (DOI: 10.3897/biorisk.4.64)
Sittichaya W, Permkam S, Cognato AI. 2012. Species composition and flight pattern of Xyleborini ambrosia beetles (Col,: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from agricultural areas in Southern Thailand. Ecol Entomol 41: 776-784. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/EN11271)
Soldati F, Soldati L. 2003. Réactualisation de la liste systématique des celéoptéres Tenebrionidae (Alleculinae exculs) de france continental et de corse. Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon. 72: 331-349. (https://doi.org/10.3406/linly.2003.13495)
Soerianegara I, Lemmens RHMJ. 1994. Plant Resources of South-Eeast Asia: Timber Trees: Major Comercial Timbers. Porsea press. Bogor.
Speight MR, Wylie FR. 2000. Insect Pests in Tropical Forestry. CABI Publishing, London
Triwibowo H, Jumani, Emawati H. 2014. Identifikasi hama dan penyakit Shorea leprosula Miq di Taman Nasional Kutai Resort Sangkima Kabupaten Kutai Timur Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. J Agrifor 8:175-184.
Wahyudi A, Sari N, Saridan A, Cahyono DDN, Rayan, Noor M, Fernandes A, Abdurachman, Apriani H, Handayani R, Hardjana AK, Susanty FH, Karmilasanti, Ngatiman, M. Fajri, Wiati CB, Wahyuni T. 2014. Shore Leprosula Miq dan Shorea johorensis Foxw: Ekologi, Silvikultur, Budidaya, dan Pengembangan. BALITBANGHUT. Kaltim.
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