Species diversity, abundance and damaged caused by rats in oil palm plantation in West and Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
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Abstract. Ikhsan M, Priyambodo S, Nurmansyah A, Hendarjanti H, Sahari B. 2020. Species diversity, abundance and damaged caused by rats in oil palm plantation in West and Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5632-5639. Oil palm is one of the plantation commodities which has an important role in Indonesia’s economy. Indonesia is the largest producer and exporter of oil palm in the world with its export value capable of supplying 55.78% of global consumption. Rats are wild animals that are important pests for human life, both in agriculture plantations and urban areas. Rats can damage crops at various stages of plant growth. This study was aimed to determine the species abundance of rats in oil palm plantations, calculate the severity of crop damage due to rats infestation. Three blocks of mature plants were used in OC and OH plantation blocks were used to calculated, crop damage caused by rats, Identify the species of rats, and estimated rats abundance. The results of these studies showed there were four species of rats found in the oil palm plantation, namely Rattus tiomanicus, R. tanezumi, Rattus sp, and Maxomys hellwaldii. However, only R. tiomanicus and R. tanezumi were dominant species. There were significant differences in the number of, sex, and body weight between R. tiomanicus and R. tanezumi. The OC 12 block had the lowest infestation intensity than the other blocks since it was well maintained. The OH 02 block had the highest infestation intensity, infestation area, and abundance due to a lack of maintenance.
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References
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Verwilghen A. 2015. Rodent pest management and predator communities in oil palm plantations in Indonesia: a comparison of two contrasting systems. [Disertation]. University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (France).
Wood BJ. 1969. Population studies on the Malaysian wood rat (Rattus tiomanicus) in oil palms, demonstrating an effective new control method and assessing some older ones. Planter 45: 510-526.
Wood BJ. 1982. The present status of pests on oil palm estates in South-east Asia. In :The Oil Palm in Agriculture in the Eighties. In: Pushparajah E, Chew PS (eds). Vol II Incorporated Society of Planters, Kuala Lumpur.
Wood BJ, Chung GF. 2003. A Critical review of the development of rat control in Malaysia agriculture since the 1960s. Crop Protection 22: 445-461.
Zippin C. 1958. The removal method of population estimation. Journal Wildlife Manage 22: 2-90.
Adhidarma D. 2009. Socio-economic study of tree rat pest control, Rattus tiomanicus with Owl (Tyto alba) on oil palm plantations; Proceeding of National Seminary Plant Protection. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor 5-6 August 2009. [Indonesia]
[Balitbangkes Kemenkes] Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan. 2016. Javanese Rat, Surveying Techniques in the field of health. Publisher Institute for Health Research and Development Ministry of Health RI. Jakarta, Indonesia
Buckle AP, Chia TH, Fenn MGP, Visvalingam M. 1997. Ranging behavior and habitat utilization of the Malayan wood rat (Rattus tiomanicus) in an oil palm plantation in Johore, Malaysia. Crop Protection 5: 467-473.
Chung GF. 2012. Rat management in oil palm; Proceeding of Intenational Seminary on Fourth MPOB-IOPRI International. Grand Royal Panghegar Hotel, Bandung, 13-14 Desember 2012. [Indonesia]
Cooney SA, Schauber EM, Hellgren EC. 2015. Ranging behavior of marsh rice rats in a southern Illinois wetland complex. J. Mammal. 96: 732–741.
[Ditjenbun] Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan. 2012. Burung hantu, predator tikus di areal tanaman perkebunan. http://ditjenbun.pertanian.go.id/burung-hantu-predator-tikus-di-areal-tanaman-perkebunan/ [Indonesia]
[Ditjenbun] Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan. 2016. Tikus http://sinta.ditjenbun.pertanian.go.id /tikus-2/ [Indonesia]
Govinda Raj G. 2018. Pest and Their Management. Omkar, editor. Lucknow (IN). Department of Zoology University of Lucknow.
Hafidzi MN, Saayon MK. 2001. Status of Rat Infestation and Recent Control Strategies in Oil Palm Plantations in Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 2: 109-114
Kwatrina RT, Santosa Y, Bismark M, Santoso N. 2018. The impacts of oil palm plantation establishment on type habitat type, species diversity, and feeding guild of mammals and herpetofauna. Biodiversitas: 1213-1219.
Lambert MS, Quy RJ, Smith RH, Cowan DP. The effect of habitat management on home range size and survival of rural Norway rat populations. Journal of Applied Ecology 45:1753-1761
Lim BL, Ratnam L, Hussein NA. 2003. Small mammals diversity in Pasoh Forest Reserve, Negri Sembilan, Peninsula Malaysia. In Pasoh, Ecology of a Lowland Rain Forest in Southeast Asia. Pasoh Springer (Eds.) p 403 - 411
Luqman MHA, Dzulhelmi MN, Idris A, Izfa RH. 2017. The potential natural predators of Elaedobius kamerunicus Faust, 1878 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Malaysia. Serangga 2:239-252
Medway L. 1978. The Wild Mammals of Malaya (Peninsular Malaysia) and Singapore 2nd edn. Oxford University Press. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Oil World. 2019. Oil World Annual 2019. ISTA Mielke GmbH, Jerman.
Puan CL, Goldizen AW, Zakaria M, Baxter GS. 2011. Understanding of relationships between ground cover and rat abundances: An integrative approach for management of the oil palm agroecosystem. Crop Protection 10:1263-1268
Payne J, Francis CM, Philipps K. 1985. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Borneo. Sabah Society and World Wildlife Fund, Kinabalu.
Priyambodo, S. 2003. Pengendalian Hama Tikus Terpadu Seri Agrikat. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Sipayung A, Sudharto PS, Lubis AU. 1987. Preferensi makan tikus terhadap jenis makan dalam ekosistem perkebunan kelapa sawit. [annual report] Kerjasama Penelitian. PP Marihat-Biotrop. Seameo-Biotrop: Bogor, Indonesia.
Suripto BA, Seno A, Sudarmaji. 2002. The species of rats (Rodentia:Muridae) and their foods in agricultural area in surrounding forest Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 8: 63-74
Ratclub.2006. Rat diet .http://ratclub.org. New Zealand.
Suyanto A. 2006. Seri Panduan Lapangan Rodent di Jawa.Pusat Penelitian Biologi Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia.
Towsend GR, Hueberger JW. 1948. The Basic Principles of Crop Protection Field Trials. Pflanzenschuts Nachrichten Bayer AG Leverkusen.
Verwilghen A. 2015. Rodent pest management and predator communities in oil palm plantations in Indonesia: a comparison of two contrasting systems. [Disertation]. University of Franche-Comté, Besançon (France).
Wood BJ. 1969. Population studies on the Malaysian wood rat (Rattus tiomanicus) in oil palms, demonstrating an effective new control method and assessing some older ones. Planter 45: 510-526.
Wood BJ. 1982. The present status of pests on oil palm estates in South-east Asia. In :The Oil Palm in Agriculture in the Eighties. In: Pushparajah E, Chew PS (eds). Vol II Incorporated Society of Planters, Kuala Lumpur.
Wood BJ, Chung GF. 2003. A Critical review of the development of rat control in Malaysia agriculture since the 1960s. Crop Protection 22: 445-461.
Zippin C. 1958. The removal method of population estimation. Journal Wildlife Manage 22: 2-90.
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