Yield performance of several peanut cultivars grown in dryland with semi-arid climate in Sumba Timur, Indonesia
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Abstract. Rahmianna A, Wijanarko A, Purnomo J, Baliadi Y. 2020. Yield performance of several peanut cultivars grown in dryland with semi-arid climate in Sumba Timur, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5747-5757. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the fourth major food crops in Indonesia after rice, maize, and soybean. The seeds contain oil, protein, and carbohydrate which are beneficial to human health. Despite its health benefit, farmers sell all pods for cash. The dryland areas with semi-arid climates, where there is only one growing season, are the potential areas for peanut cultivation. The experiment was conducted to assess the performance of improved cultivars grown in dryland with low rainfall at Sumba Timur District of East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia during February-May 2017. Ten improved peanut cultivars and one local cultivar were grown in two sites: Laipori and Palakahembi Villages. A randomized block design with three replicates was applied in each site. The treatment was peanut cultivar, i.e., Local Sandel, Bison, Gajah, Hypoma 1, Hypoma 2, Kancil, Kelinci, Takar 1, Talam 1, Talam 2, and Tuban that belonged to Spanish type except Kelinci that was a Valencia type. A 100 kg ha-1 of composite NPK fertilizer was applied at sowing time, and the water source was merely from rainfall. Captan fungicide was applied as seed treatment, and Deltamethrin insecticide were applied two times during the growing period. The results indicated that the improved cultivars performed better than the local cultivar, i.e., their pod yields were 1.75-2.57 times higher than that of Local Sandel. Hypoma 1 cultivar gave the highest yield with 2.313 t ha-1 of dry pod yields or 257% higher than that of Local Sandel. In addition to high pod yield production, Hypoma 1 also produced 6.1 t ha-1 fresh haulms, and those of improved cultivars were 5.3-7.2 t ha-1. In summary, the improved cultivars, especially Hypoma 1 is highly recommended for cultivation by the farmers in Sumba Timur because of their high pod yields and organic matter content in soils after the plants harvested.
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References
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Yadlapalli S. 2014. Genetic variability and character association studies in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Studies 4(4): 298-300.
Yol E, Furat S, Upadhyaya HD, Uzun B. 2018. Characterization of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) collection using quantitative and qualitative traits in the Mediterranean Basin. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 17(1): 63-75.
Zongo A, Nana AT, Sawadogo M, Konate AK, Sankara P, Ntare BR, Desmae H. 2017. Variability and correlations among groundnut populations for early leaf spot, pod yield, and agronomic traits. Agronomy 7(52). 11 p. DOI: 10.930/agronomy7030052.
Variath MT, P Janila. 2017. Economic and academic importance of peanut. P. 7-26. In: Varshney RK, Pandey MK, Puppala N (eds.). The Peanut Genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes Series. Springer International Publishing.
Arya SS, Salve AR, Chauhan S. 2016. Peanuts as functional food: a review. Journal Food and Science Technology 53(1): 31-41.
Balitkabi [Balai Penelitian Tanaman Aneka Kacang dan Umbi]. 2016. The Description of Improved Cultivars of Legumes and Tuber Cops. Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute. Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development [Indonesian]
Canavar Ö, Kaynak MA. 2010. Growing degree day and sunshine radiation effects on peanut pod yield and growth. African Journal of Biotechnology 9(15):2234-2241.
Dabessa A, Alemu B, Abebe Z, Lule D. 2016. Genotype by environment interaction and kernel yield stability of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties in western Oromia, Ethiopia. Journal of Agriculture and Crops 2(11): 113-120.
Dapaah HK, Mohammed I, Awuah RT. 2014. Growth and yield performance of groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) in response to plant density. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 3(9): 1069-1082.
Dariah A, Heryani N. 2014. Empowerment of sub-optimal dry land to support diversification and food security policy. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan (2016): 1-16. Special Edition. [Indonesian]
Ditjentan [Directorate General for Food Crops]. 2020. The development of harvesting areas, crop productivity and production of the main commodities of food crops. The Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture. [Indonesian]
Dolinassou S, Tchiagam JBN, Kemoral AD, Yanou NN. 2016. Genotype ? environment interaction and kernel yield-stability of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Northern Cameroon. Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology 4(01): 001-007.
Ganvit RS, Jagtap PK. 2018. Character association and path co-efficient analysis studies for yield and its contributing traits in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7(11): 3566-3572.
Hampannavar MR, Khan H, Temburne BV, Janila P, Amaregouds A. 2018. Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis studies for yield and yield attributes in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 7(1): 870-874.
Homann-Kee Tui S, van Royen A, Dube T, Kudita S, Chivenge P, Kondwakwenda A, Madzonge O, Masendeke D, Savemore NN, M Muhambi. 2012. Partnerships for Unlocking Potential in Groundnut Value Chain in Zimbabwe. International Crops Research Insitute for the Semi-Arid Tropics.
Htoon W, Jogloy S, Vorasoot N, Toomsan B, Kaewpradit W, Puppala N, Patanothai A. 2014. Nutrient uptake and their contributions to yield in peanut genotypes with different levels of terminal drought resistance. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 38: 781-791.
Janila P, Nigam SN, Pandey MK, Nagesh P, Varshney RV. 2013. Groundnut improvement: use of genetic and genomic tools. Frontiers in Plant Science 4(23): 16 p.
Kabede K, Getahun A. 2017. Adaptability and stability analysis of groundnut genotypes using AMMI model and GGE-biplot. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology 20(5): 343-349.
Katundu MA, Mhina ML, Mbeiyererwa AG, Kumburu NP. 2014. Socio-economic factors limiting smallholder groundnut production in Tabora Region. Dar es Salaam: Research Report 14/1. REPOA. 54 p.
Konlan S, Sarkodie-Addo J, Asare E, Kombiok MJ. 2013. Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varietas response to spacing in the Guinea savanna agro-ecological zone of Ghana: Growth and yield. African Journal of Agricultural Research 8(22): 2769-2777.
Koolachart R, Jogloy S, Vorasoot N, Wongkaew S, Holbrook CC, Jongrungklang N, Kesmala T, Patanothai A. 2013. Rooting traits of peanut genotypes with different yield responses to terminal drought. Field Crops Research 149: 366-376.
Oteng-Frimpong R, Konlan AP, Denwar NN. 2017. Evaluation of selected groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) lines for yield and haulm nutritive quality traits. International Journal of Agronomy Article ID 7479309: 9 p. http://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7479309.
Oteng-Frimpong R, Dakora FD. 2019. Multienvironment testing for trait stability and G ? E interaction on N2 fixation, plant development, and water-use efficiency of 21 elite groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes in the Guinea savanna. Frontier in Plant Science 10 (1070): 12 p. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01070.
Özyi?it Y, Bilgen M. 2013. Forage potential of some groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars. Romanian Agricultural Research 30(2013): 57-63.
Prawiradipura BR, Lukiwati DR. 2014. The utilization of legumes and tuber food crops residues and by-products for animal feed. Proceedings of Seminar on Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Results. Indonesian Central Research Institute for Food Crops. [Indonesian]
Purnomo J, Nugrahaeni N, Baliadi Y. 2019. Productivity of groundnut genotypes and their resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum bacteria wilt. Buletin Palawija 17(2): 102-111. [Indonesian]
Pusdatin [Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian]. 2016. Outlook Komoditas Pertanian Sub Sektor Tanaman Pangan: Kacang tanah. Jakarta, Kementerian Pertanian. 93 pp. [Indonesian]
Rahmianna AA, Pratiwi H, Harnowo D. 2015. Budidaya kacang tanah. In: Kasno A, Rahmianna AA, Mejaya IMJ, Harnowo D, Purnomo S (eds). Kacang Tanah. Inovasi Teknologi dan Pengembangan Produk. Monograf Balitkabi No. 15-2015. Balai Penelitian Tanaman Aneka Kacang dan Umbi. pp. 133-169. [Indonesian]
Sabiel SAI, Ismail MI, Abdalla E, Osman KA. 2014. Genetic variation of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes in semi-arid zone Sudan. International Journal of Environment 3(3): 16-23.
Savemore NN, Manjeru P, Ncube B. 2017a. Assessment of genotype ? environment interaction and pod yield evaluation of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes in Zimbabwe. African Journal of Plant Science 11(3): 54-60.
Savemore NN, Manjeru P, Ncube B. 2017b. Pod yield stability and adaptation of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes evaluated in multi-environmental trials in Zimbabwe. African Journal of Plant Science 11(5): 174-184.
Séne LM. 2015. Connectivity as engine for productivity among smallholder peanut farmers in Senegal. Paper presented in International Conference of Agricultural Economists “Agriculture in an Interconnected World” held in Universita Dfgli Study, Milano, 8-14 August 2015. 24 p.
Suassuna TMF, Suassuna ND, Moretzsohn MC, Bertioli SCML, Bertioli DJ, Medeiros EP. 2015. Yield, market quality and leaf spots partial resistance of interspecif oc peanut progenies. Crop breeding and Applied Biotechnology 15: 175-180.
Sumba Timur in Figures. 2018. BPS Statistics of Sumba Timur Regency. 402 p.
Yadlapalli S. 2014. Genetic variability and character association studies in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Studies 4(4): 298-300.
Yol E, Furat S, Upadhyaya HD, Uzun B. 2018. Characterization of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) collection using quantitative and qualitative traits in the Mediterranean Basin. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 17(1): 63-75.
Zongo A, Nana AT, Sawadogo M, Konate AK, Sankara P, Ntare BR, Desmae H. 2017. Variability and correlations among groundnut populations for early leaf spot, pod yield, and agronomic traits. Agronomy 7(52). 11 p. DOI: 10.930/agronomy7030052.
Variath MT, P Janila. 2017. Economic and academic importance of peanut. P. 7-26. In: Varshney RK, Pandey MK, Puppala N (eds.). The Peanut Genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes Series. Springer International Publishing.
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