Culturable endophytic fungal diversity in cassava tubers of Indonesia
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Abstract. Hartanti AT, Susanti FN, Prasasty VD, Radiastuti N. 2021. Culturable endophytic fungal diversity in cassava tubers of Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1250-1260. Fungal endophytes are found in plant tissue and do not harm the host plant. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the third staple food besides rice and corn. This study aimed to identify the diversity of endophytic fungi in the cassava from several regions in Indonesia, including Bogor, Lembang, Makasar, Serang, Singaraja (Buleleng), Subang, Wonogiri, and Wonosobo. The endophytic fungi were isolated and were molecularly characterized using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequence (ITS4 and ITS5). Phylogenetic analysis was performed by using the MEGA 7 with a bootstrap value of 1000 repetitions. All 14 isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated from different regions. Of these six isolates belonged to genus Fusarium (F. solani FS5, F. lichenicola FS2, F. lichenicola FS4, F oxysporum FS1, F. falciforme FS3, F. falciforme FS6), and four to the genus Aspergillus (Aspergillus sp. FS7, Aspergillus sp. FS8, Aspergillus sp. FS9 and A. fumigatus FS10). In addition, Nectria pseudotrichia, Lasiodiplodia sp., Penicillium citrinum, and Schizophyllum commune were also isolated from cassava tubers. In conclusion, it suggested that diverse endophytic fungi colonize tubers of cassava growing in Indonesia.
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References
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Amaria W, Taufiq E, Harni R. 2013. Seleksi dan identifikasi jamur antagonis sebagai agens hayati jamur akar putih Rigidoporus microporus pada tanaman karet. Journal of Industrial and Beverage Crops. 4: 55-64.
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Chadha N, Mishra M, Prasad R, Varma A. 2014. Root endophytic fungi: research update. Journal of Biology and Life Science 5: 135-158.
Dagenais TR, Keller NP. 2009. Pathogenesis of Aspergillus fumigatus in invasive aspergillosis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 22: 447-465.
Douanla-Meli C, Langer E. 2012. Diversity and molecular phylogeny of fungal endophytes associated with Diospyros crassiflora. Mycology. 3: 175-187.
Fuchs J-G, Moënne-Loccoz Y, Défago G. 1997. Nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strain Fo47 induces resistance to Fusarium wilt in tomato. Plant Disease. 81: 492-496.
Hidayat I, Radiastuti N, Rahayu G, Achmadi S, Okane I. 2016a. Endophytic fungal diversity from Cinchona calisaya based on phylogenetic analysis of the ITS ribosomal DNA sequence data. Current Research in Environmental and Applied Mycology. 6: 132-142.
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Mangiaterra M, Giusiano G, Smilasky G, Zamar L, Amado G, Vicentán C. 2001. Keratomycosis caused by Cylindrocarpon lichenicola. Sabouraudia. 39: 143-145.
Mostert L, Crous PW, Kang J-C, Phillips AJ. 2001. Species of Phomopsis and a Libertella sp. occurring on grapevines with specific reference to South Africa: morphological, cultural, molecular and pathological characterization. Mycologia. 93: 146-167.
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Onana B, Essono G, Nyegue M, Tchikoua R, Ambang Z, Ayodele M. 2015. Natural occurrence of Fusarium species and fumonisins in stored cassava chips. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 9: 2257-2269.
Oramahi H, Sumardiyono C, Pusposendjojo N, Haryadi H. 2006. Identifikasi jamur genus aspergillus pada gaplek di kabupaten gunung kidul. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia. 12: 25-32.
Orlandelli R, Alberto R, Rubin Filho C, Pamphile J. 2012. Diversity of endophytic fungal community associated with Piper hispidum (Piperaceae) leaves. Genetics and Molecular Research. 11: 1575-1585.
Purwandari U, Tristiana G, Hidayati D. 2014. Gluten-free noodle made from gathotan flour: antioxidant activity and effect of consumption on blood glucose level. International Food Research Journal. 21: 1951-1956.
Radiastuti N, Susilowati DN, Bahalwan HA. 2019. Phylogenetic study of endophytic fungi associated with Centella asiatica from Bengkulu and Malaysian accessions based on the ITS rDNA sequence. Biodiversitas. 20.
Rakhmawati A, Prihatini I. 2016 – Isolasi dan Identifikasi Kapang Endofit dari Pohon Sengon provenan Kepulauan Solomon berdasarkan Morfologi dan Molekuler rDNA ITS Biologi-S1. 5: 15-27.
Reddy K, Nurdijati S, Salleh B. 2010. Efficacy of aqueous medicinal plant extracts on growth and citrinin production by Penicillium citrinum isolated from rice grains. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 4: 2562-2565.
Riddell RW. 1950. Permanent stained mycological preparations obtained by slide culture. Mycologia. 42: 265-270.
Rubini MR, Silva-Ribeiro RT, Pomella AW, Maki CS, Araújo WL, Dos Santos DR, Azevedo JL. 2005. Diversity of endophytic fungal community of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) and biological control of Crinipellis perniciosa, causal agent of Witches' Broom Disease. International Journal of Biological Sciences. 1: 24-33.
Salahuddin MAH. 2008. Biological activities of Schizophyllum commune Fr. [Dissertation]. University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. [Malaysia]
Slippers B, Wingfield MJ. 2007. Botryosphaeriaceae as endophytes and latent pathogens of woody plants: diversity, ecology and impact. Fungal Biology Reviews. 21: 90-106.
Song J, Pongnak W, Soytong K. 2016. Antifungal activity of endophytic fungi from palm trees against coffee anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum coffeanum. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 12: 623-635.
Suciatmih S, Supriyati D. 2016. Isolasi, Identifikasi, dan Skrining Jamur Endofit Penghasil Agen Biokontrol dari Tanaman di Lahan Pertanian dan Hutan Penunjang Gunung Salak. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan. 12: 171-186.
Sucipto I, Munif A, Suryadi Y, Tondok E. 2015. Exploration of endophytic fungi from lowland rice as a biocontrol agent of blast disease in lowland rice. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia. 11: 211-218.
Suriani S, Muis A. 2017 – Fusarium pada Tanaman Jagung dan Pengendaliannya dengan Memanfaatkan Mikroba Endofit. Iptek Tanaman Pangan. 11.
Thongkamngam T, Jaenaksorn T. 2017. Fusarium oxysporum (F221-B) as biocontrol agent against plant pathogenic fungi in vitro and in hydroponics. Plant Protection Science. 53: 85-95.
Waweru B, Turoop L, Kahangi E, Coyne D, Dubois T. 2014. Non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum endophytes provide field control of nematodes, improving yield of banana (Musa sp.). Biological Control. 74: 82-88.
White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. 18: 315-322.
Yunianto P, Rosmalawati S, Rachmawati I, Suwarso WP, Sumaryono W. 2012. Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from srikaya plants (Annona squamosa) having potential secondary metabolites as anti-breast cancer activity. Microbiology Indonesia. 6: 4-4.
Zhai X, Chen L, Jia M, Li C, Shen H, Ye B, Qin L, Han T. 2017. A stable beneficial symbiotic relationship between endophytic fungus Schizophyllum commune and host plant Panax ginseng. bioRxiv. 175885.
Akmalasari I, Purwati ES, Dewi RS. 2013. Isolasi dan identifikasi jamur endofit tanaman manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.). BIOSFERA: A Scientific Journal. 30: 82-89.
Amaria W, Taufiq E, Harni R. 2013. Seleksi dan identifikasi jamur antagonis sebagai agens hayati jamur akar putih Rigidoporus microporus pada tanaman karet. Journal of Industrial and Beverage Crops. 4: 55-64.
Barnett HL, Hunter BB. 1998. Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi. American Phytopathological Society. APS Press, West Virginia.
Boas SAV, Oliveira SASd, Bragança CAD, Ramos JB, Oliveira EJd. 2017. Survey of fungi associated with cassava root rot from different producing regions in Brazil. Scientia Agricola. 74: 60-67.
Chadha N, Mishra M, Prasad R, Varma A. 2014. Root endophytic fungi: research update. Journal of Biology and Life Science 5: 135-158.
Dagenais TR, Keller NP. 2009. Pathogenesis of Aspergillus fumigatus in invasive aspergillosis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 22: 447-465.
Douanla-Meli C, Langer E. 2012. Diversity and molecular phylogeny of fungal endophytes associated with Diospyros crassiflora. Mycology. 3: 175-187.
Fuchs J-G, Moënne-Loccoz Y, Défago G. 1997. Nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strain Fo47 induces resistance to Fusarium wilt in tomato. Plant Disease. 81: 492-496.
Hidayat I, Radiastuti N, Rahayu G, Achmadi S, Okane I. 2016a. Endophytic fungal diversity from Cinchona calisaya based on phylogenetic analysis of the ITS ribosomal DNA sequence data. Current Research in Environmental and Applied Mycology. 6: 132-142.
Hidayat I, Radiastuti N, Rahayu G, Achmadi S, Okane I. 2016b. Three Quinine and Cinchonidine producing Fusarium species from Indonesia. Current Research in Environmental and Applied Mycology. 6: 20-34.
Hirooka Y, Rossman AY, Samuels GJ, Lechat C, Chaverri P. 2012. A monograph of Allantonectria, Nectria, and Pleonectria (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and their pycnidial, sporodochial, and synnematous anamorphs. Studies in Mycology. 71: 1-210.
Ilyas M. 2006. Isolation and Identification of mould inhabiting plant rizosphere in Gunung Mutis Natural Reserve, East Nusa Tenggara. Biodiversitas. 7: 216-220.
Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ. 2012. PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic press, Amsterdam.
Irawati AF, Hartati S, Windriyati RD. 2014. Pemanfaatan Cendawan Endofit dalam Mengingkatkan Kualitas Bibit Tanaman Padi. Buletin Pertanian Perkotaan. 4: 30-40.
Jang J-H, Lee JH, Ki C-S, Lee NY. 2012. Identification of clinical mold isolates by sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region, ribosomal large-subunit D1/D2, and ?-tubulin. Annals of Laboratory Medicine. 32: 126-132.
Khosravi AR, Sheikhkarami M, Shokri H, Sabokbar A. 2012. Genetic Variability of Citrinin-Producing Penicillium citrinum Strains as Occupational Health
Hazards in Northern Iran/Genska Varijabilnost Citrinin. Arhiv Za Higijenu Rada I Toksikologiju. 63: 489-496.
Lacap D, Hyde K, Liew E. 2003. An evaluation of the fungal'morphotype'concept based on ribosomal DNA sequences. Fungal Diversity.
Mangiaterra M, Giusiano G, Smilasky G, Zamar L, Amado G, Vicentán C. 2001. Keratomycosis caused by Cylindrocarpon lichenicola. Sabouraudia. 39: 143-145.
Mostert L, Crous PW, Kang J-C, Phillips AJ. 2001. Species of Phomopsis and a Libertella sp. occurring on grapevines with specific reference to South Africa: morphological, cultural, molecular and pathological characterization. Mycologia. 93: 146-167.
Nurzannah SE, Lisnawita L, Bakti D. 2014. Potensi jamur endofit asal cabai sebagai agens hayati untuk mengendalikan layu fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum) pada cabai dan interaksinya. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Universitas Sumatera Utara. 2: 100407.
Onana B, Essono G, Nyegue M, Tchikoua R, Ambang Z, Ayodele M. 2015. Natural occurrence of Fusarium species and fumonisins in stored cassava chips. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 9: 2257-2269.
Oramahi H, Sumardiyono C, Pusposendjojo N, Haryadi H. 2006. Identifikasi jamur genus aspergillus pada gaplek di kabupaten gunung kidul. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia. 12: 25-32.
Orlandelli R, Alberto R, Rubin Filho C, Pamphile J. 2012. Diversity of endophytic fungal community associated with Piper hispidum (Piperaceae) leaves. Genetics and Molecular Research. 11: 1575-1585.
Purwandari U, Tristiana G, Hidayati D. 2014. Gluten-free noodle made from gathotan flour: antioxidant activity and effect of consumption on blood glucose level. International Food Research Journal. 21: 1951-1956.
Radiastuti N, Susilowati DN, Bahalwan HA. 2019. Phylogenetic study of endophytic fungi associated with Centella asiatica from Bengkulu and Malaysian accessions based on the ITS rDNA sequence. Biodiversitas. 20.
Rakhmawati A, Prihatini I. 2016 – Isolasi dan Identifikasi Kapang Endofit dari Pohon Sengon provenan Kepulauan Solomon berdasarkan Morfologi dan Molekuler rDNA ITS Biologi-S1. 5: 15-27.
Reddy K, Nurdijati S, Salleh B. 2010. Efficacy of aqueous medicinal plant extracts on growth and citrinin production by Penicillium citrinum isolated from rice grains. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 4: 2562-2565.
Riddell RW. 1950. Permanent stained mycological preparations obtained by slide culture. Mycologia. 42: 265-270.
Rubini MR, Silva-Ribeiro RT, Pomella AW, Maki CS, Araújo WL, Dos Santos DR, Azevedo JL. 2005. Diversity of endophytic fungal community of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) and biological control of Crinipellis perniciosa, causal agent of Witches' Broom Disease. International Journal of Biological Sciences. 1: 24-33.
Salahuddin MAH. 2008. Biological activities of Schizophyllum commune Fr. [Dissertation]. University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. [Malaysia]
Slippers B, Wingfield MJ. 2007. Botryosphaeriaceae as endophytes and latent pathogens of woody plants: diversity, ecology and impact. Fungal Biology Reviews. 21: 90-106.
Song J, Pongnak W, Soytong K. 2016. Antifungal activity of endophytic fungi from palm trees against coffee anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum coffeanum. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 12: 623-635.
Suciatmih S, Supriyati D. 2016. Isolasi, Identifikasi, dan Skrining Jamur Endofit Penghasil Agen Biokontrol dari Tanaman di Lahan Pertanian dan Hutan Penunjang Gunung Salak. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan. 12: 171-186.
Sucipto I, Munif A, Suryadi Y, Tondok E. 2015. Exploration of endophytic fungi from lowland rice as a biocontrol agent of blast disease in lowland rice. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia. 11: 211-218.
Suriani S, Muis A. 2017 – Fusarium pada Tanaman Jagung dan Pengendaliannya dengan Memanfaatkan Mikroba Endofit. Iptek Tanaman Pangan. 11.
Thongkamngam T, Jaenaksorn T. 2017. Fusarium oxysporum (F221-B) as biocontrol agent against plant pathogenic fungi in vitro and in hydroponics. Plant Protection Science. 53: 85-95.
Waweru B, Turoop L, Kahangi E, Coyne D, Dubois T. 2014. Non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum endophytes provide field control of nematodes, improving yield of banana (Musa sp.). Biological Control. 74: 82-88.
White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. 18: 315-322.
Yunianto P, Rosmalawati S, Rachmawati I, Suwarso WP, Sumaryono W. 2012. Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from srikaya plants (Annona squamosa) having potential secondary metabolites as anti-breast cancer activity. Microbiology Indonesia. 6: 4-4.
Zhai X, Chen L, Jia M, Li C, Shen H, Ye B, Qin L, Han T. 2017. A stable beneficial symbiotic relationship between endophytic fungus Schizophyllum commune and host plant Panax ginseng. bioRxiv. 175885.
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