Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis and Leishmania infection among Meriones shawi population in Setif Province, Algeria
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Abstract. Fellahi A, Djirar N, Cherief A, Boudrissa A, Eddaikra N. 2021. Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis and Leishmania infection among Meriones shawi population in Setif Province, Algeria. Biodiversitas 22: 2547-2554. Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is the most endemic disease in Algeria. Leishmania major is the causative agent, and Gerbils Meriones shawi and Psammomys obesus are the main reservoir hosts. The Province of Setif in Algeria has become a very active focus for this zoonosis. Our study was carried out from January 2017 until January 2019 in ten representative stations of the study area, with an aim to identify the association between zoonosis and reservoir host species. Eighty-six (86) specimens of M. shawi and three (3) specimens of P. obesus were captured and determined. Superficial lesions were subjected to Giemsa stained smears. In addition, Livers and spleens were tested for Leishmania DNA using ITS1 PCR. The results showed the presence of M. shawi in almost all communities of Setif Province and the highest population with 50 specimens (58.13%) was in the center and south. The microscopic and molecular detection of Leishmania showed high infestation in most specimens of Meriones (32/86) with a rate of 37.20 %, however, no infestation in Psammomys has been detected. The PCA results showed a negative association between rainfall and ZCL cases; however, positive association was found between temperature and the human CL cases. Also, positive association was demonstrated between ZCL in south and center of Setif Province and Meriones captured. Our finding, confirm that M. shawi is the principal reservoir host (76.78%) of the ZCL in Setif Province, since P. obesus was nearly absent (2.67%).
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References
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Fendri AH , Beldjoudi W, Ahraou S, Djaballah M. 2011. Les leishmanioses diagnostiquées au CHU Benbadis de Constantine (Algérie) : bilan de cinq années (2006–2010) Leishmaniasis in Constantine (Algeria): Review of five years (2006–2010) at the University Hospital
Fichet-Calvet E, Joma I, Ben Ismail AR And Ashford RW. 2003. Leishmaniamajor infection in the fat sand rat Psammomys obesus in Tunisia: interaction of host and parasite populations. Annals of TropicalMedicine & Parasitology 6 : 594-595.
Foroutan M , Khademvatan S , Majidiani H , Khalkhali H , Hedayati-Rad F , Khashaveh S , Mohammadzadeh H. 2017. Prevalence of Leishmania species in rodents: A systematic review and meta-analysis in Iran. Acta Tropica.
Gholamrezaei M, Mohebali M, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Sedaghat MM, Shirzadi MR. 2016. Ecological niche modeling of main reservoir hosts of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran. Acta Trop 160: 44–52.
González C, Wang O, Strutz SE, González-Salazar C, Sánchez-Cordero V, Sarkar S. 2010. Climate change and risk of leishmaniasis in North America: Predictions from ecological niche models of vector and reservoir species. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 19(4): 585.
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Guaouaoui R, Zeroual S, Boudjelida H. 2017. Association between climatic changes and leishmaniasis incidence in Biskra district, Algeria. J Entomol Zool Stud5(6):43–49.
Hajjaran H, Vasigheh F, Mohebali M, Rezaei S, Mamishi S, and Charedar S. 2011. Direct Diagnosis of Leishmania Species on Serosity Materials Punctured From Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients Using PCR-RFLP. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis 25 : 20–24.
Hajjaran H, Mohebali M, Reza Abaei MR, Oshaghi MA, Zarei Z, Charehdar S, Mirjalali H, Sharifdini M, Teimouri A. 2013. Natural infection and phylogenetic classification of Leishmania spp. infecting Rhombomys opimus, a primary reservoir host of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Northeast Iran. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 107 (9).
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Hijawi KJF, Hijjawi NS, Ibbini JH. 2019. Detection, genotyping, and phylogenetic analysis of Leishmania isolates collected from infected Jordanian residents and Syrian refugees who suffered from cutaneous leishmaniasis. . Parasitol Res 118(3).
Holakouie-Naieni K, Mostafavi E, Boloorani AD, Mohebali M, Pakzad R. 2017. Spatial modeling of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran from 1983 to 2013. Acta Trop 166: 67–73.
Izri A, Bendjaballah A, Andriantsoanirina V, and Durand R. 2014. “Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania killicki, Algeria,” Emerging Infectious Diseases 20 (3):502–504.
Karimi A, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Akhavan AA, Ghezelbash Z. 2014. Spatial and temporal distributions of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae), vectors of leishmaniasis, in Iran. Acta Trop 132: 131–9.
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Loria-Cervera EN and Andrade-Narvàez FJ. 2014. “Animal models for the study of leishmaniasis immunology,” Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S˜ao Paulo56(1): 1–11.
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