The presence and abundance of harmful dinoflagellate algae related to water quality in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Issue
Section
Articles
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Abstract. Takarina ND, Nasution AK, Thoha H. 2021. The presence and abundance of harmful dinoflagellate algae related to water quality in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2909-2917. Dinoflagellate is a single-celled organism that commonly occurs in large numbers in marine environment. When environment changes, harmful dinoflagellate algae often emerge as a response to change in water quality. Jakarta Bay, Indonesia is the meeting point of 13 rivers that carry anthropogenic effluents, not only from agriculture and human settlements, but also industrial activities with some initial evidence showed the increasing growth of harmful algae population and decreasing water quality. This study aims to assess the correlations between dinoflagellate abundance and water quality parameters (i.e., dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, temperature, and turbidity) in Jakarta Bay. Dinoflagellates were sampled in July 2020 at four river mouths, namely Ancol, Muara Baru, Muara Angke, and Muara Karang, each with three replications. Results showed that five dinoflagellates categorized as harmful were recorded. The following order of dinoflagellates based on abundance was Noctiluca > Ceratium > Gonyaulax > Gymnodinium > Dinophysis. Dinoflagellate abundance ranges were as low as 353,857 cells/m3 for Dinophysis and as high as 85,279,547 cells/m3 for Noctiluca. In terms of location, Muara Baru had the highest dinoflagellate abundance. There were correlations between dinoflagellate abundance with water quality. The dinoflagellate abundance was positively correlated with DO (Gymnodinium 0.5152; Dinophysis 0.5262; Gonyaulax 0.3701; Noctiluca 0.0429; Ceratium 0.4168) and temperature (Gymonodium 0.3894; Ceratium 0.3627; Gonyaulax 0.3428;Dinophysis 0.2536) but negatively correlated with pH (Ceratium-0.5558; Dinophysis-0.4868; Gymonodinium-0.4284; Noctiluca-0.4201; Gonyaulax-0.3881), turbidity (Dinophysis-0.2336; Gonyaulax-0.0105; Noctiluca-0.1164; Ceratium-0.0896), salinity (Gymnodinium-0.2176; Dinophysis-0.0888; Ceratium-0.0434).
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
References
Aditya V, Koswara A, Fitriya N, Rachman A, Sidabutar T, Thoha H. 2013. Public awareness on harmful algal bloom (HAB) in Lampung bay. Marine Research in Indonesia 38: 71-75. https://doi.org/10.14203/mri.v38i2.58.
Arinardi OH, Sutomo AB, Yusuf SA, Trimaningsih EA, Riyono SH. 1997. Kisaran Kelimpahan dan Komposisi Plankton Predominan di Perairan Kawasan Timur Indonesia. Jakarta: P3O-LIPI. [Indonesian]
Aissaoui A, Turki S, Benhassine OK. 2012. Occurrence of harmful dinoflagellates in the Punic harbors of carthage (gulf of Tunis, Tunisia) and their correlations with the physicochemical parameters. Bulletin de l’Institut National des Sciences et Technologie de la Mer de Salammbô 39: 127–140.
Azam F. 1998. Microbial control of oceanic carbon flux: the plot thickens. Science 280: 694–696. DOI: 10.1126/science.280.5364.694.
Band-Schmidt CJ, Bustillos-Guzmán JJ, López-Cortés DJ, Gárate-Lizárraga I, Núñez-Vázquez EJ, Hernández-Sandoval FE. 2010. Ecological and physiological studies of Gymnodinium catenatum in the Mexican Pacific: A review. Marine Drugs 8: 1935-1961. https://doi.org/10.3390/md8061935.
Barokah GR, Putri AK, Gunawan. 2016. The abundance of phytoplankton causing HAB (Harmful Algal Bloom) in Lampung Bay during west and east monsoon. Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan 11: 115-126. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v11i2.302. [Indonesian]
Corrales RA, Maclean JL. 1995. Impacts of harmful algae on seafarming in the Asia-Pacific areas. Journal of Applied Phycology 7: 151–162. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00693062.
Cuellar-Martinez T, Ruiz-Fernández AC, Alonso-Hernández C, et al. 2018. Addressing the problem of harmful algal blooms in Latin America and the Caribbean- A regional network for early warning and response. Frontiers in Marine Science 5:409. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00409.
Davidson K, Gowen RJ, Harrison PJ, Fleming LE, Hoagland P, Moschonas G. 2014. Anthropogenic nutrients and harmful algae in coastal waters. Journal of Environmental Management 146: 206-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.002.
de Prima C, Hartoko A, Muskananfola MR. 2016. Analysis spatial distribution of water quality Jakarta Bay. Diponegoro Journal of Maquares 5: 51-60. https://doi.org/10.14710/marj.v5i2.11646. [Indonesian]
Fawcett A, Bernard S, Pitcher G, Probyn TA, Randt A. 2006. Real-time monitoring of harmful algal blooms in the southern Benguela. African Journal of Marine Science 28: 257-260. https://doi.org/10.2989/18142320609504158.
Gharib SM, El-Sherif ZM, Abdel-Halim AM, Radwan AA. 2011. Phytoplankton and environmental variables as a water quality indicator for the beaches at Matrouh, south-eastern Mediterranean Sea, Egypt. Oceanologia 53: 819-836. https://doi.org/10.5697/oc.53-3.819.
Gómez F. 2003. The toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum: an invader in the Mediterranean Sea. Acta Botanica Croatica 62: 65–72.
Furuya K, Iwataki M. Lim PT, Lu S, Leaw CP, Azanza R, Kim HG, Fukuyo Y. 2018. Overview of harmful algal blooms in Asia. In Glibert PM, Berdalet E, Burford MA, Pitcher GC, Zhou M. (eds.) Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms. Springer.
Harlens FK. 2019. Studi kelimpahan plankton beracun di perairan Sedati, Jawa Timur. [Undergraduate thesis] University of Airlangga, Surabaya [Indonesian].
Kunzmann A, Arifin Z, Baum G. 2018. Pollution of coastal areas of Jakarta bay: water quality and biological responses. Marine Research in Indonesia 43: 37-51. https://doi.org/10.14203/mri.v43i1.299.
León-Muñoz J, Urbina MA, Garreaud R, Iriarte JL. 2018. Hydroclimatic conditions trigger record harmful algal bloom in western Patagonia (summer 2016). Scientific Reports 8: 1330. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-19461-4.
Liu Q, Fang J, Li J, Zhang L, Xie BB, Chen XL, Zhang YZ. 2018. Depth-resolved variations of cultivable bacteria and their extracellular enzymes in the water column of the New Britain Trench. Frontiers in Microbiology 9: 135. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00135.
Lu S, Hodgkiss I. 2004. Harmful algal bloom causative collected from Hong Kong waters. Hydrobiologia 512: 231-238. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000020331.75003.18.
Martina A, Radjawane IM. 2019. Data analysis on sea water quality data in Jakarta Bay using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) method during transitional monsoon. IOP Conference Series: Earth Environmental Science 339: 012023. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/339/1/012023
Matsuoka K, Fukuyo Y, Praseno DP, Adnan Q, Kodama M. 1999. Dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments of Jakarta Bay, off Ujung Pandang and Larantuka of Flores Islands, Indonesia with special reference of Pyrodinium bahamense. Bulletin of Faculty Fisheries, Nagasaki University 80: 49–54.
Merrillees S. 2015. Jakarta: Portraits of a Capital 1950-1980. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing.
Müller MN, Mardones JI, Dorantes-Aranda JJ. 2020. Editorial: harmful algal blooms (HABs) in Latin America. Frontiers in Marine Science 7: 34. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00034.
Mujib AS, Damar A, Wardiatno Y. 2015. Spatial distribution of planktonic dinoflagellate in Makassar waters, South Sulawesi. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis 7: 479-492. https://doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v7i2.11033. [Indonesian]
Nazula AH, Rahman A, Winarso G. 2019. Metode pemetaan sebaran klorofil-a secara spasial dan temporal di Teluk Jakarta menggunakan citra Aqua MODIS. In: Anggraini N, Mukhoriyah, Febrianti N, Rahayu MI, Gumelar O, Gustandi B, Lestari AI, Monica D (eds). Peningkatan Pemanfaatan IPTEK Penginderaan Jauh untuk Mendukung Pencapaian Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (SDGs); Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penginderaan Jauh 2019. Margo Hotel, Depok, 17 July 2019. [Indonesian]
Omura T, Iwataki M, Borja V M, Takayama H, Fukuyo Y. 2012. Marine Phytoplankton of the Western Pacific. Kouseisha Kouseikaku Co Ltd, Tokyo.
Patty SI. 2013. Distribution temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen in waters Kema, North Sulawesi. Jurnal Ilmiah Platax 1: 148-157. https://doi.org/10.35800/jip.1.3.2013.2580. [Indoensian]
Pratama NI, Noor AT. 2018. Kampung Muara Baru dan identitas. https://rujak.org/kampung-muara-baru-dan-identitas. [Indonesian]
Probyn TA, Pitcher GC, Monteiro PMS, Boyd AJ, Nelson G. 2000. Physical processes contributing to harmful algal blooms in Saldanha Bay, South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science 22: 285-297.
Rahmawati A, Surilayani D. 2017. Water quality management of Lontar village coastal waters, Banten. Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan 7: 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33512/jpk.v7i1.1951. [Indonesian]
Riqqi A, Fawaid A, Driejana. 2019. Perancangan potensi lokasi jejaring stasiun pemantau kualitas udara di daerah urban berbasis data spasial studi kasus di DKI Jakarta. Majalah Globe 21:27-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24895/MIG.2019.21-1.876. [Indonesian]
Sahu G, Mohanty AK, Samantara MK, Satpathy KK. 2014. Seasonality in the distribution of dinoflagellates with special reference to harmful algal species in tropical coastal environment, Bay of Bengal. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment 186: 6627–6644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3878-3.
Sidabutar T, Bengen DG, Wouthuyzen S, Partono T. 2016. The abundance of phytoplankton and its relationship to the N/P ratio in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 17: 673-678. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d170241.
Sidharta BR. 2004. Fish mass mortality in Jakarta Bay: HAB organisms as the culprit? Harmful Algal News 27: 8–9.
Smayda TJ. 1997. Harmful algal blooms: their ecophysiology and general relevance to phytoplankton blooms in the sea. Limnology and Oceanography 42: 1137-1153. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1997.42.5_part_2.1137.
Smayda TJ. 2007. Reflections on the ballast water dispersal–harmful algal bloom paradigm. Harmful Algae 6: 601-622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2007.02.003.
Sofian A, Cecep K, Akhmad F, Omo R. 2019. Evaluating the conditions of angke kapuk mangrove ecosystem Jakarta Bay, and its consequences on ecosystem services. Jurnal Kelautan Nasional 15: 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkn.v15i1.7722. [Indonesian]
Soon EY, Sulit VT. 2017. Monitoring and identification of harmful algal blooms in Southeast Asia to support SDG 14.1. Fish for the People 15:39-46.
Thoha H, Adnan Q, Sidabutar T, Sugestiningsih. 2007. Note on the occurrence of phytoplankton and its relation with mass mortality in the Jakarta Bay, May and November 2004. Makara Journal of Sciences 11: 63-67.
Thoha H, Muawanah, Bayu Intan MD, Rachman A, Sianturi OR, Sidabutar T, Iwataki M, Takahashi K, Avarre JC, Masseret E. 2019. Resting cyst distribution and molecular identification of the harmful dinoflagellate Margalefidinium polykrikoides (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) in Lampung Bay, Sumatra, Indonesia. Frontiers in Microbiology 10: 306. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00306.
Tsai SF, Wu LY, Chou WC, Chiang KP. 2018. The dynamics of a dominant dinoflagellate, Noctiluca scintillans, in the subtropical coastal waters of the Matsu archipelago. Marine Pollution Bulletin 127: 553-558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.041.
Wang DZ. 2008. Neurotoxins from marine dinoflagellates: a brief review. Marine Drugs 6: 349–371. https://doi.org/10.3390/md6020349.
Wiadnyana NN, Sidabutar T, Matsuoka K, Ochi T, Kodama M, Fukuyo Y. 1996. Note on the occurrence of Pyrodinium bahamense in eastern Indonesian waters. In: Yasumoto T, Oshima Y, Fukuyo Y (eds). Harmful and Toxic Algal Blooms. International Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO.
Yamaji I. 1966. Illustrations of The Freshwater Plankton of Japan. Hokusha Publishing, Japan.
Yurista PM, Kelly JR, Anne MC, Miller SE, Van Alstine JD. 2015. Green Bay: Spatial variation in water quality, and landscape correlations. Journal of Great Lakes Research 41: 560-572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.014.
Arinardi OH, Sutomo AB, Yusuf SA, Trimaningsih EA, Riyono SH. 1997. Kisaran Kelimpahan dan Komposisi Plankton Predominan di Perairan Kawasan Timur Indonesia. Jakarta: P3O-LIPI. [Indonesian]
Aissaoui A, Turki S, Benhassine OK. 2012. Occurrence of harmful dinoflagellates in the Punic harbors of carthage (gulf of Tunis, Tunisia) and their correlations with the physicochemical parameters. Bulletin de l’Institut National des Sciences et Technologie de la Mer de Salammbô 39: 127–140.
Azam F. 1998. Microbial control of oceanic carbon flux: the plot thickens. Science 280: 694–696. DOI: 10.1126/science.280.5364.694.
Band-Schmidt CJ, Bustillos-Guzmán JJ, López-Cortés DJ, Gárate-Lizárraga I, Núñez-Vázquez EJ, Hernández-Sandoval FE. 2010. Ecological and physiological studies of Gymnodinium catenatum in the Mexican Pacific: A review. Marine Drugs 8: 1935-1961. https://doi.org/10.3390/md8061935.
Barokah GR, Putri AK, Gunawan. 2016. The abundance of phytoplankton causing HAB (Harmful Algal Bloom) in Lampung Bay during west and east monsoon. Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan 11: 115-126. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v11i2.302. [Indonesian]
Corrales RA, Maclean JL. 1995. Impacts of harmful algae on seafarming in the Asia-Pacific areas. Journal of Applied Phycology 7: 151–162. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00693062.
Cuellar-Martinez T, Ruiz-Fernández AC, Alonso-Hernández C, et al. 2018. Addressing the problem of harmful algal blooms in Latin America and the Caribbean- A regional network for early warning and response. Frontiers in Marine Science 5:409. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00409.
Davidson K, Gowen RJ, Harrison PJ, Fleming LE, Hoagland P, Moschonas G. 2014. Anthropogenic nutrients and harmful algae in coastal waters. Journal of Environmental Management 146: 206-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.002.
de Prima C, Hartoko A, Muskananfola MR. 2016. Analysis spatial distribution of water quality Jakarta Bay. Diponegoro Journal of Maquares 5: 51-60. https://doi.org/10.14710/marj.v5i2.11646. [Indonesian]
Fawcett A, Bernard S, Pitcher G, Probyn TA, Randt A. 2006. Real-time monitoring of harmful algal blooms in the southern Benguela. African Journal of Marine Science 28: 257-260. https://doi.org/10.2989/18142320609504158.
Gharib SM, El-Sherif ZM, Abdel-Halim AM, Radwan AA. 2011. Phytoplankton and environmental variables as a water quality indicator for the beaches at Matrouh, south-eastern Mediterranean Sea, Egypt. Oceanologia 53: 819-836. https://doi.org/10.5697/oc.53-3.819.
Gómez F. 2003. The toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum: an invader in the Mediterranean Sea. Acta Botanica Croatica 62: 65–72.
Furuya K, Iwataki M. Lim PT, Lu S, Leaw CP, Azanza R, Kim HG, Fukuyo Y. 2018. Overview of harmful algal blooms in Asia. In Glibert PM, Berdalet E, Burford MA, Pitcher GC, Zhou M. (eds.) Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms. Springer.
Harlens FK. 2019. Studi kelimpahan plankton beracun di perairan Sedati, Jawa Timur. [Undergraduate thesis] University of Airlangga, Surabaya [Indonesian].
Kunzmann A, Arifin Z, Baum G. 2018. Pollution of coastal areas of Jakarta bay: water quality and biological responses. Marine Research in Indonesia 43: 37-51. https://doi.org/10.14203/mri.v43i1.299.
León-Muñoz J, Urbina MA, Garreaud R, Iriarte JL. 2018. Hydroclimatic conditions trigger record harmful algal bloom in western Patagonia (summer 2016). Scientific Reports 8: 1330. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-19461-4.
Liu Q, Fang J, Li J, Zhang L, Xie BB, Chen XL, Zhang YZ. 2018. Depth-resolved variations of cultivable bacteria and their extracellular enzymes in the water column of the New Britain Trench. Frontiers in Microbiology 9: 135. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00135.
Lu S, Hodgkiss I. 2004. Harmful algal bloom causative collected from Hong Kong waters. Hydrobiologia 512: 231-238. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000020331.75003.18.
Martina A, Radjawane IM. 2019. Data analysis on sea water quality data in Jakarta Bay using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) method during transitional monsoon. IOP Conference Series: Earth Environmental Science 339: 012023. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/339/1/012023
Matsuoka K, Fukuyo Y, Praseno DP, Adnan Q, Kodama M. 1999. Dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments of Jakarta Bay, off Ujung Pandang and Larantuka of Flores Islands, Indonesia with special reference of Pyrodinium bahamense. Bulletin of Faculty Fisheries, Nagasaki University 80: 49–54.
Merrillees S. 2015. Jakarta: Portraits of a Capital 1950-1980. Jakarta: Equinox Publishing.
Müller MN, Mardones JI, Dorantes-Aranda JJ. 2020. Editorial: harmful algal blooms (HABs) in Latin America. Frontiers in Marine Science 7: 34. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00034.
Mujib AS, Damar A, Wardiatno Y. 2015. Spatial distribution of planktonic dinoflagellate in Makassar waters, South Sulawesi. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis 7: 479-492. https://doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v7i2.11033. [Indonesian]
Nazula AH, Rahman A, Winarso G. 2019. Metode pemetaan sebaran klorofil-a secara spasial dan temporal di Teluk Jakarta menggunakan citra Aqua MODIS. In: Anggraini N, Mukhoriyah, Febrianti N, Rahayu MI, Gumelar O, Gustandi B, Lestari AI, Monica D (eds). Peningkatan Pemanfaatan IPTEK Penginderaan Jauh untuk Mendukung Pencapaian Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (SDGs); Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penginderaan Jauh 2019. Margo Hotel, Depok, 17 July 2019. [Indonesian]
Omura T, Iwataki M, Borja V M, Takayama H, Fukuyo Y. 2012. Marine Phytoplankton of the Western Pacific. Kouseisha Kouseikaku Co Ltd, Tokyo.
Patty SI. 2013. Distribution temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen in waters Kema, North Sulawesi. Jurnal Ilmiah Platax 1: 148-157. https://doi.org/10.35800/jip.1.3.2013.2580. [Indoensian]
Pratama NI, Noor AT. 2018. Kampung Muara Baru dan identitas. https://rujak.org/kampung-muara-baru-dan-identitas. [Indonesian]
Probyn TA, Pitcher GC, Monteiro PMS, Boyd AJ, Nelson G. 2000. Physical processes contributing to harmful algal blooms in Saldanha Bay, South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science 22: 285-297.
Rahmawati A, Surilayani D. 2017. Water quality management of Lontar village coastal waters, Banten. Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan 7: 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33512/jpk.v7i1.1951. [Indonesian]
Riqqi A, Fawaid A, Driejana. 2019. Perancangan potensi lokasi jejaring stasiun pemantau kualitas udara di daerah urban berbasis data spasial studi kasus di DKI Jakarta. Majalah Globe 21:27-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24895/MIG.2019.21-1.876. [Indonesian]
Sahu G, Mohanty AK, Samantara MK, Satpathy KK. 2014. Seasonality in the distribution of dinoflagellates with special reference to harmful algal species in tropical coastal environment, Bay of Bengal. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment 186: 6627–6644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3878-3.
Sidabutar T, Bengen DG, Wouthuyzen S, Partono T. 2016. The abundance of phytoplankton and its relationship to the N/P ratio in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 17: 673-678. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d170241.
Sidharta BR. 2004. Fish mass mortality in Jakarta Bay: HAB organisms as the culprit? Harmful Algal News 27: 8–9.
Smayda TJ. 1997. Harmful algal blooms: their ecophysiology and general relevance to phytoplankton blooms in the sea. Limnology and Oceanography 42: 1137-1153. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1997.42.5_part_2.1137.
Smayda TJ. 2007. Reflections on the ballast water dispersal–harmful algal bloom paradigm. Harmful Algae 6: 601-622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2007.02.003.
Sofian A, Cecep K, Akhmad F, Omo R. 2019. Evaluating the conditions of angke kapuk mangrove ecosystem Jakarta Bay, and its consequences on ecosystem services. Jurnal Kelautan Nasional 15: 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkn.v15i1.7722. [Indonesian]
Soon EY, Sulit VT. 2017. Monitoring and identification of harmful algal blooms in Southeast Asia to support SDG 14.1. Fish for the People 15:39-46.
Thoha H, Adnan Q, Sidabutar T, Sugestiningsih. 2007. Note on the occurrence of phytoplankton and its relation with mass mortality in the Jakarta Bay, May and November 2004. Makara Journal of Sciences 11: 63-67.
Thoha H, Muawanah, Bayu Intan MD, Rachman A, Sianturi OR, Sidabutar T, Iwataki M, Takahashi K, Avarre JC, Masseret E. 2019. Resting cyst distribution and molecular identification of the harmful dinoflagellate Margalefidinium polykrikoides (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) in Lampung Bay, Sumatra, Indonesia. Frontiers in Microbiology 10: 306. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00306.
Tsai SF, Wu LY, Chou WC, Chiang KP. 2018. The dynamics of a dominant dinoflagellate, Noctiluca scintillans, in the subtropical coastal waters of the Matsu archipelago. Marine Pollution Bulletin 127: 553-558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.041.
Wang DZ. 2008. Neurotoxins from marine dinoflagellates: a brief review. Marine Drugs 6: 349–371. https://doi.org/10.3390/md6020349.
Wiadnyana NN, Sidabutar T, Matsuoka K, Ochi T, Kodama M, Fukuyo Y. 1996. Note on the occurrence of Pyrodinium bahamense in eastern Indonesian waters. In: Yasumoto T, Oshima Y, Fukuyo Y (eds). Harmful and Toxic Algal Blooms. International Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO.
Yamaji I. 1966. Illustrations of The Freshwater Plankton of Japan. Hokusha Publishing, Japan.
Yurista PM, Kelly JR, Anne MC, Miller SE, Van Alstine JD. 2015. Green Bay: Spatial variation in water quality, and landscape correlations. Journal of Great Lakes Research 41: 560-572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.014.
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- NOVERITA DIAN TAKARINA, IKA LINA SINAGA, TRI RIFQOH KULTSUM , Riparian plant diversity in relation to artisanal mining sites in Cikidang River, Banten, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 22 No. 1 (2021)
- NOVERITA DIAN TAKARINA, Remobilization of zinc in sediments by mangrove and its associated species in Blanakan River, West Java, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 21 No. 4 (2020)