Inventory of Rubiaceae species in Mt. Pao Range, Ilocos Norte, Northwestern Luzon, Philippines

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##

PDF
DOI https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d220862
Issue
Vol. 22 No. 8 (2021)
Section
Articles

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

MAE ANN R. BATUYONG ♥
The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas. España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
MICHAEL A. CALARAMO
Northwestern University Ecological Park & Botanical Garden. Airport Avenue, Bengcag, Laoag City, 2900, Ilocos Norte, Philippines
GRECEBIO JONATHAN D. ALEJANDRO
The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas. España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines

Abstract

Abstract. Batuyong MAR, Calaramo MA, Alejandro GJD. 2021. Inventory of Rubiaceae species in Mt. Pao Range, Ilocos Norte, Northwestern Luzon, Philippines. Biodiversitas 22: 3604-3612. Botanical assessments in the Philippines are mostly conducted on declared Protected Areas (PAs). However, many remaining potentially interesting and largely unexplored floristic sites are not considered PA, one of which is the Mt. Pao Range in the Municipality of Adams, located in Ilocos Norte, Philippines. Among the flowering plant family, Rubiaceae is one with the largest number of endemic species and genera in the Philippines Thus, floristic surveys of Rubiaceae species were conducted, and collections were made from September 2019 to March 2021. A total of 39 species belonging to 13 tribes and 24 genera of the family were recorded. These constitute 7.09% of the total Philippine Rubiaceae. Of these species, 18 are Philippine endemics while two are considered narrow endemic to Mt. Pao. Two endemic genera were also found in the area  Antherostele and Kanapia. According to the Updated National List of Threatened Philippine Plants, their conservation status in the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Administrative Order No. 2017-11 found one species assessed as Critically Endangered (Antherostele callophylla). This study contributes to the data on the distribution and occurrence of Philippine Rubiaceae. Moreover, it also highlights the area's importance with the presence of threatened and endemic species as an area of concern for protection and conservation.

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

References
Abdelaal M, Fois M, Fenu G, Bacchetta G. 2018. Critical checklist of the endemic vascular plants of Egypt. Phytotaxa 360(1): 19–34. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.360.1.2
Alejandro GJD, Liede S. 2003a. The Philippine Rubiaceae genera. Updated synopsis in INTKEY databases of the DELTA system. Blumea 48: 261-277. DOI: 10.3767/000651903X674964.
Alejandro GJD. 2007b. The current status of the Philippine Rubiaceae. Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology 1 (1): 47–60. https://doi. org/10.3860/pjsb.v1i1.908
Alejandro GJD, Meve U, Uy M, Thiv M, Liede S. 2010c. Molecular support of the classification of Greeniopsis Merr. in Aleisanthieae (Rubiaceae), with a revision of the genus. Taxon 59: 1547–1564. https:///doi.org/10.2307/20774048
Alejandro GJD, Meve U, Mouly A, Thiv M, Liede S. 2011d. Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the Philippine endemic Villaria Rolfe (Rubiaceae). Plant Syst Evol. 296: 1-20.
Alejandro GJD, Arriola A. 2013e. A new species of Villaria (Octotropideae, Rubiaceae) from Luzon, Philippines including its conservation status. Phytotaxa 111: 57–60. https://doi.org/10.11646/phyto- taxa.111.1.5
Alejandro GJD, Meve U. 2015f.A taxonomic revision of Philippine Mussaenda (Rubiaceae, Mussaendeae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 101 (3): 457–524. https://doi. org/10.3417/2010089
Alejandro GJD. 2015g. A new endemic species of Philippine Hedyotis L. (Rubiaceae) named after Pope Francis. The Antoninus Journal 1:74-78.
Alejandro GJD, Meve U. 2016h. Rubovietnamia coronula sp.nov. Rubiaceae: Gardenieae) from the Philippines. Nordic Journal of Botany. 34: 385-389.
Alfeche NG, Alejandro GJD, Meve U, Liede S. 2020. Two new endemic species of Ophiorrhiza L. (Rubiaceae: Ophiorrhizeae) from Davao Oriental, Philippines. Nordic Journal of Botany. DOI: 10.1111/njb.02581
Amoroso V.B, Aspiras R.A, Polizon J.J. 2009. Participatory inventory and distribution of endangered, endemic and economically important plants in Hamiguitan range wildlife sanctuary, Davao Oriental. Blumea 54:71–76.
Aribal L, Fernando ES. 2014. Vascular Plants of the Peat Swamp Forest in Caimpugan, Agusan del Sur Province on Mindanao Island, Philippines. Asian Journal of Biodiversity 5(1): 1-17
Arriola AH, Alejandro GJD. 2013a. A new species of Psydrax (Vanguerieae, Rubiaceae) from Luzon, Philippines. Phytotaxa. 149 (1): 27-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.149.1.4
Arriola AH, Alejandro GJD. 2015b. A new species of Discospermum (Coffeeae, Rubiaceae) from Luzon, Philippines including its conservation status. Phtyotaxa 206 (1): 043-046. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.206.1.7
Arriola AH, Calaramo M, Alejandro GJD. 2015c. Pyrostria triflora, a new species of Vanguerieae (Rubiaceae) from Luzon, Philippines. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 22 (1): 55-58
Arriola A, Paraguison L, Alejandro GJD. 2016d. Kanapia (Vanguerieae): a new endemic genus of Philippine Rubiaceae. Plant Systematics and Evolution 302 (7): 911–920. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606- 016-1307-5
Aureo W, Reyes T, Mutia FC, Jose R, Sarnowski MB. 2020. Diversity and composition of plant species in the forest over limestone of Rajah Sikatuna Protected Lansdscape, Bohol, Philippines, Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e55790. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e55790
Banag C, Manalastas N, Alejandro GJD. 2014a. Synonymy of Philippine Ixora (Ixoreae, Rubiacae) and Ixora silagoensis sp. nov. Nordic Journal of Botany 32: 761–764. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00411
Banag C, Thrippleton T, Alejandro GJD, Reineking B, Liede-Schumann S. 2015b. Bioclimatic niches of selected endemic Ixora species on the Philippines: predicting habitat suitability due to climate change. Plant Ecology 216: 1325–1340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258- 015-0512-6
Banag C, Mouly A, Alejandro GJD, Bremer B, Meve U, Grimm G, Liede- Schumman S. 2017c. Ixora (Rubiacae) on the Philippines – cross- road or cradle? BMC Evolutionary Biology 17: 131. https://doi. org/10.1186/s12862-017-0974-3
Batuyong MAB, Calaramo M, Alejandro GJD. 2021. Diversity of Rubiaceae in Ilocos Norte, Northwestern Luzon, Philippines: A Preliminary Checklist, Their Distribution, and Conservation Status. PJS 150(SI): 487-502, Special Issue on Biodiversity
Biag RD and Alejandro GJD. 2020a.Rediscovery of Psychotria species, subspecies and varieties collected in the 1990s and new records of Antirhea benguetensis (Elmer) Valeton and Ixora longifolia Smith (Rubiaceae) in Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park, Luzon, Philippines. Biodiversitas 21(10): 4524-4535
Biag RD and Alejandro GJDb. 2021b. Rubiaceae Flora of Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park, Isabela, Luzon, Philippines: Species Richness, Distribution and Conservation Status.PJS. 150(3): 907-921.
Bremer B, Eriksson T. 2009. Time Tree of Rubiaceae Phylogeny and dating the family, subfamilies, and tribes. Int J. Plant Sci.170 (6): 766-793
Calaramo MA, Rubite RR, Pugal CM, Lin C. 2019. New Species of Begonia section Baryandra (Begoniaceae) from Northwestern Luzon, Philippines. Phytotaxa 407(1): 36–42. doi: https://doi.org/10.11646/ phytotaxa.407.1.6
CDFP. Pelser PB, Barcelona JF, Nickrent DL (eds) 2011. onwards. Co’s Digital Flora of the Philippines. www.philippineplants.org
Chavez JG, Meve U, Alejandro GJD. 2012a. New Combinations in Rothmannia (Rubiaceae) and the Establishment of the Genus in the Philippine Flora.Philippine Science Letters. Vol. 5(2): 216-223.
Chavez JG, Alejandro GJD, Meve U. 2017b. Lectotypification of Timonius pachyphyllus Merr. (Rubiaceae, Guettardeae). Adansonia, sér. 3, 39 (2): 145-148. https://doi.org/10.5252/a2017n2a5
Davis A, Bridson D, Ruhsam M, Moat J, Brummit N. 2009. A global assessment of distribution, diversity, endemism, and taxonomic effort in the Rubiaceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96: 68–78. https://doi.org/10.3417/2006205
DENR Administrative Order. 2017. Updated national list of threatened Philippine plants and their categories. DAO 2017-11, 30 pp. https:// server2.denr.gov.ph/uploads/rmdd/dao-2017-11.pdf. Accessed on: 2020-05-11.
DENR. Department of Environment and Natural Resources II. 2017. Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park Profile. Isabela, Luzon, Philippines.
de Guzman DQ, Nacua AE, Belgica TH, Clemente KJE, Alejandro GJD.2014. Assessment, Inventory and Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants in Mount Malinao (Albay, Philippines) International Journal of Pharmacy Teaching & Practices 5 (3):1014-1019.
Delprete PG, Jardim JG. 2012. Systematic, taxonomy and floristics of Brazilian Rubiaceae: an overview about the current status and future challenges. Rodriguesia 63(1):101-128.
Fernando ES, Co L, Lagunzad D, Gruezo W, Barcelona J, Madulid D, Lapis A, Texon G, Manila A, Zamura P. 2008. Threatened plants of the Philippines: a preliminary assessment. The Asian International Journal of Life Sciences 3:1-52.
Gordon EA, Franco OE, Tyrrell ML. 2005. Protecting Biodiversity: A Guide to CriteriaUsed by Global Conservation Organizations. Forestry & Environmental Studies Publications 6: 1?160. URL: https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/fes-pubs/26
Gronomeyer T, Suarez W, Nuytemans H, Calaramo MA, Wistuba A, Mey FS, Amoroso VB. 2016. Two New Nepenthes Species from the Philippines and an Emended Description of Nepenthes ramos. Plants 5(2): 23. doi: 10.3390/plants5020023
IUCN. 2019.The International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2019-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org
JSTOR. Journal Storage. 2000 onwards. Global Plants. Retrieved from https://plants.jstor.org/
Magtoto LM, Mones DG, Ballada KA, Austria CM, Dizon RM, Alangui WV, Reginaldo AA, Galvan WM, Dizon KT, Hetterscheid WLA. 2013. Amorphophallus ad- amsensis (Araceae), a new species from Ilocos Norte, Philippines. Blumea 58: 267–270. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.3767/000651913X676673.
Malabrigo PL Jr., Tobias AB, Boncondin JC. 2018. Floristic Composition, Vegetation Structure, and Diversity Pattern of Mt. Calavite Wildlife Sanctuary: Basis for Management and Consrvation Planning. Ecosystems & Development Journla 8 (20: 3-27.
Merrill E. 1923. Enumeration of Philippine Flowering Plants (Volumes I–IV). Bureau of Printing, Manila.
Obico J, Alejandro GJD. 2012a. Molecular phylogeny of the Philip- pine endemic genus Antherostele Bremek. (Rubiaceae) inferred from ITS data (nrDNA) and its conservation status. American Journal of Plant Sciences 3: 1399–1407. https://doi.org/10.4236/ ajps.2012.310169
Obico J, Alejandro GJD. 2013b. A new species of Antherostele (Urophylleae, Rubioideae, Rubiaceae) from Mt. Sohoton, Samar, Philippines. Phytotaxa 104: 53–57. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa. 104.1.8
Ordas J, Banag C, Alejandro GJD. 2017a. Neonauclea viridiflora (Rubia- ceae), a new species of Naucleeae from Eastern Samar, with notes on myrmecophytic species in the Philippines. Systematic Botany 42 (2): 364–370. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X695592
Ordas JAD, Pinarok NAA, Romeroso RB, Alejandro GJD, Banag CI. 2019b. A checklist of Rubiaceae species from Eastern Samar, Visayas, Philippines. Check List 15 (2): 295–312. https://doi.org/10.15560/15.2.295.
Orsenigo S, Montagnani C, Fenu G, Gargano D, Peruzzi L, Abeli T, Alessandrini A, Bacchetta G, Bartolucci F, Bovio M, Brullo C, Brullo S, Carta A, Castello M, Cogoni D, Conti F, Domina G, Foggi B, Gennai M, Gigante D, Iberite M, Lasen C, Magrini S, Perrino EV, Prosser F, Santangelo A, Selvagii A, Stinca A, Vagge I, Villani M, Wagensommer RP, Wilhalm T, Tartaglini N, Duprè E, Blasi C, Rossi G. 2018. Red Listing plants under full national responsibility: Extinction risk and threats in the vascular flora endemic to Italy. Biological Conservation 224: 213–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.05.030
POWO. 2021. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ [accessed 30.04.2021]
Ramil RJD, Ramil MD, Konno T, Murata T, Kobayashi K, Buyankhishig B, Agrupis SC, Sasaki K. 2020. A new hexenoic acid glycoside with cytotoxic activity from the leaves of Psychotria luzoniensis. Natural Product Research. Doi: https//doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2020.1765345
J, Chavez JG, Arriola AH, Alejandro GJD. 2015. A new species of Antirhea ( Guettardeae, Rubiaceae) from Surigao del Norte, Philippines. Acta Botanica Gallica: Botany letter, DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2015.1062800.
Tan M, Sebastian JBG, Alejandro GJD, Soo A An S. 2020. Neuroprotective effects of vomifoliol, isolated from Tarenna obtusifolia Merr.(Rubiaceae), against amyloid-beta 1-42-treated neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. 3 Biotech. 10(10): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-02421-z.
Tropicos. 2021. Missouri Botanical Garden. http://www.tropicos.org. [accessed 30.04.2021]
Uy M, Alejandro GJD. 2012. Conservation status and nrITS-supported classification of the Philippine endemic genus Greeniopsis Merr.(Rubiaceae). Asia Life Sciences 21 (2): 441–454.
Vallejo B. 2014. Biogeography of the Luzon Island: In: Biodiversity, biogeography and nature conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea, Volume II. Telnov D ed. The Entomological Society of Latvia. p. 47–59.
Villanueva JC, Callanta RS Jr, Neptuno JA, Verin M, Bangcaya PS, Cabelin VL, Alejandro GJD. 2016. Molecular confirmation of the taxonomy of the Rubiaceous Mycetia apoensis (Elmer) Govaerts. Acta Manilana 64, pp1-7.
WCSP. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. 2021. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved from https://wcsp.science.kew.org/cite.do