Diversity of Ficus (Moraceae) along the riparian zone of Samin River, Central Java, Indonesia
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Issue
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Abstract. Kusuma AN, Zaky FA, Pribady TR, Agustin YS, Nugroho GD, Dewangga A, Setyawan AD. 2024. Diversity of Ficus (Moraceae) along the riparian zone of Samin River, Central Java, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 14: 96-104. Riparian vegetation plays an immense role in maintaining the hydrological and ecological functions of a river. One eminent vegetation species with great importance in riparian zone is the group of Ficus or figs. Many Ficus species occur in riparian ecosystems including in the Samin River, which stretches from Karanganyar to Sukoharjo Districts, Central Java, Indonesia and empties into the Bengawan Solo River. This study aimed to determine the diversity of Ficus along the riparian zone of Samin River from the upstream to the downstream. Data collection used a survey method at six stations by cruising a path with length of 1 km at each station and observing the right and left side of the river with a radius of 5-10 meters. All Ficus species, abiotic factors, altitude, and coordinates of the location point were recorded. Data was analysed to calculate Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H'), Evenness index (E) and Margalef species richness index (R). The results of the study documented 7 Ficus species, namely F. racemosa (34 individuals), F. septica (32 individuals), F. fistulosa (22 individuals), F. benjamina (11 individuals), F. elastica (1 individual), F. microcarpa (1 individual) and F. virens (1 individual). Species diversity index, evenness index and richness index at the upstream, middlestream and downstream sections ranged 0.54-0.88 (low diversity), 0.41-0.80 (uneven-almost even), and 0.52-0.61 (low richness), respectively. Ficus in the Samin River occurred in the habitat with air temperature of 21-38.4°C, humidity of 73-97%, and soil pH of 7-7.2. The findings of this study imply that riparian zone along the Samin River comprises a considerable diversity of Ficus which can maintain river sustainability.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
References
Adelina M, Harianto SP, Nurcahyani N. 2016. Bird diversity in community forest Kelungu Village Kota Agung Sub District Tanggamus District. Jurnal Sylva Lestari 4 (2): 51-60. DOI: 10.23960/JSL2451-60. [Indonesian]
Alaman BB, Labajo-Villantes Y, Pito EC, Garrido AF, Villaneva GV, Talip OS, Fernandez RS. 2020. New record of Philippine endemic Ficus species in Mt. Malindang, Mindanao, Philippines. Intl J Bot Stud 5 (4): 193-196.
Aribal LG, Toledo-Bruno AG, Jumawid EC. 2016. Ficus-frugivore interaction in the forest reserves of Central Mindanao University: Its importance to forest restoration. AES Bioflux 8 (2): 157-164.
Ayu P, Mudita IW, Rammang. 2023. Diversity of plant types of the Ficus clan in the south coast of Timor Tengah Selatan District, East Nusa Tenggara Province. Jurnal Wana Lestari 5 (1): 109-122. DOI: 10.35508/wanalestari.v7i01.11747. [Indonesian]
Baderan D, Rahim S, Angio M, Bin Salim A. 2021. The diversity, evenness, and richness of plant species found on the potential geosite of Otanaha fortress as a pioneer for geopark development in the Province of Gorontalo. AL-KAUNIYAH: Jurnal Biologi 14 (2): 264-274. DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v14i2.16746.
Berg CC, Corner EJH. 2005. Moraceae: Ficeae. Flora Malesiana - Series 1, Spermatophyta 17 (2): 1-702.
Cottee?Jones HEW, Bajpai O, Chaudhary LB, Whittaker RJ. 2016. The importance of Ficus (Moraceae) trees for tropical forest restoration. Biotropica 48 (3): 413-419. DOI: 10.1111/btp.12304.
Dewi SI, Syamsuardi, Nurainas. 2023. Diversity, distribution and potential uses of Ficus spp. in Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24 (6): 3431-3438. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240639.
Ditthawutthikul N, Saithong P, Thawee P, Rakarcha S, Kanghae A. 2021. Management of seborrhea and enlarged pore size with a hydrogel containing Ficus fistulosa extract. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 14 (7): 42-45.
Fatimah A, Sutanto R, Adriyanto A. 2023. Inland waters defense strategy in facing non-military threats in Surakarta City. Endogami: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Antropologi 6 (2): 59-73. DOI: 10.14710/endogami.6.2.56-73. [Indonesian]
Fikriyya N, Putri AK, Silalahi M. 2023. Riparian vegetation diversity of the Banjaran River, Banyumas Regency, Central Java. Buletin Kebun Raya 26 (3): 126-139. DOI: 10.55981/bkr.2023.2443. [Indonesian]
Fiorenza A, Aiello D, Costanzo MB, Gusella G, Polizzi G. 2022. A new disease for Europe of Ficus microcarpa caused by Botryosphaeriaceae species. Plants 11 (6): 727. DOI: 10.3390/plants11060727.
Gaur R, Chauhan A, Kanta C. 2024. A critical review of antioxidant potential and pharmacological applications of important Ficus species. J Herbmed Pharmacol 13 (4): 537-549. DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2024.52557.
González E, Felipe-Lucia MR, Bourgeois B, Boz B, Nilsson C, Palmer G, Sher AA. 2017. Integrative conservation of riparian zones. Biol Conserv 211: 20-29. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.10.035.
Hadi S, Rafdinal R, Linda R. 2019. Density and distribution pattern of Ficus spp. in panti branch research station of Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantan. Protobiont 8 (3): 115-121. DOI: 10.26418/protobiont.v8i3.36877.
Hardiwinoto S, Wibisono MG, Suryanto P, Jihad AN. 2024. Silvikultur: Ilmu Seni dan Teknologi Membangun Hutan. UGM Press, Yogyakarta.
Hasan S, Serosero RH, Abubakar S. 2020. Vertical distribution and composition of mollusks in mangrove forest ecosystems in the Sidangoli Islands, Halmahera Barat Regency, North Maluku Province. Jurnal Ilmiah agribisnis dan Perikanan 13 (1): 29-37. DOI: 10.29239/j.agrikan.13.1.29-37. [Indonesian]
Hendrayana Y, Sudiana E, Adhya I, Ismail AY. 2022. Bird diversity in three ficus species in the Kuningan lowland forest, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23 (5): 2255-2261. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200612.
Isnaini R, Sukarsono RE. 2015. Tree species diversity in several areas of Malang City forest. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang 21: 630-635. [Indonesian]
Izzati U, Hasibuan HS. 2019. Riparian tree and bird diversity in Cisadane River, South Tangerang City, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20 (2): 595-603. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200241.
Kadir S. 2015. Land cover to control the level of criticality Satui watershed in Province of South Kalimantan. Pros Sem Nasl Masy Biodivers Indones 1 (5): 1190-1196.
Kalaskar M, Redasani V, Ayyanar M, Ghante M, Firke S, Agrawal K, Ghawate V, Surana S, Alarifi S, Chikhale R, Gurav S. 2023. Isolation and characterization of anti-inflammatory compounds from Ficus microcarpa Lf Stem Bark. Plants 12 (18): 3248. DOI: 10.3390/plants12183248.
Kim BR, Shin J, Guevarra R, Lee JH, Kim DW, Seol KH, Lee JH, Kim HB, Isaacson R. 2017. Deciphering diversity indices for a better understanding of microbial communities. J Microbiol Biotechnol 27 (12): 2089-2093. DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1709.09027.
Lemos CA, Hernández M, Vilardo C, Phillips RA, Bugoni L, Sousa-Pinto I. 2023. Environmental assessment of proposed areas for offshore wind farms off southern Brazil based on ecological niche modeling and a species richness index for albatrosses and petrels. Glob Ecol Conserv 41: e02360. DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02360.
Lewinsohn TM, Jorge LR. 2024. Species diversity: Overview. In: Scheiner SM (eds). Encyclopedia of Biodiversity. 3rd Edition. Elsevier, Amsterdam. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-822562-2.00345-5.
Mariwy A, Dulanlebit YH, Yulianti F. 2020. Heavy metal mercury accumulation study using awar-awar (Ficus septica Burm.F.) plants. Indo J Chem Res 7 (2): 159-169. DOI: 10.30598//ijcr.2020.7-abr.
Munir A. 2023. Tree vegetation analysis in the Soraya Restoration Area of the Leuser Ecosystem. [Thesis]. Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry, Banda Aceh. [Indonesian]
Nair SS, Ebin PJ, Hyder ABK, Augustine L, Josep A. 2021. Ficus virens Aiton var. matthewii Chantaras: A new distributional record from Kerala. Species 22 (69): 21-28.
Nakabayashi M, Inoue Y, Ahmad AH, Izawa M. 2019. Limited directed seed dispersal in the canopy as one of the determinants of the low hemi-epiphytic figs’ recruitments in Bornean rainforests. PLoS One 14 (6): e0217590. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217590.
Noviyanti IS, Manalu K, Hutasuhut MA. 2021. Analisis struktur dan komposisi tumbuhan asing invasif (invasive species) pada Kawasan Gunung Sibuatan Sumatera Utara. Klorofil 5 (1): 36-48. DOI: 10.30821/kfl:jibt.v5i1.9401. [Indonesian]
Odum E. 1993. Fundamentals of Ecology. UGM Press, Yogyakarta. [Indonesian]
Peniwidiyanti P, Qayim I, Chikmawati T. 2022. A study on diversity and distribution of figs (Ficus, Moraceae) in Bogor City, West Java, Indonesia. J Trop Biodivers Biotechnol 7 (2): jtbb68516. DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.68516.
Pingale T, Duse P, Ogale S. 2019. Antibacterial and antifungal approaches of Ficus racemosa. Pharmacogn J 11 (2): 355-357. DOI: 10.5530/pj.2019.11.53.
Pothasin P, Compton SG, Wangpakapattanawong P. 2014. Riparian Ficus tree communities: The distribution and abundance of riparian fig trees in Northern Thailand. PLoS One 9 (10): e108945. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108945.
Purba SD, Patana P, Jumilaty E. 2015. Estimate abundance and productivity of Ficus spp. as a source of natural feed Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) in Sumatran Orangutan Observations Central, Gunung Leuser National Park. Peronema For Sci J 4 (1): 146-158. [Indonesian]
Rambey R, Susilowati A, Rangkuti AB, Onrizal O, Desrita, Ardi R, Hartanto A. 2021. Plant diversity, structure and composition of vegetation around Barumun Watershed, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22 (8): 3250-3256. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220819.
Raphael A, Lalika M. 2022. The potential of riparian forests in anthropogenic stressed river ecosystems. Tanzania J Agric Sci 21 (1): 288-298.
Ridwan M, Pamungkas DW. 2015. Diversity of trees around the springs in Panekan Sub-district, Magetan, East Java. Pros Sem Nasl Masy Biodivers Indones 1 (6): 1375-1379. DOI: 10.13057/psnmbi/m010619. [Indonesian]
Rohman CM, Kinanti A, Pramudita DA, Fadzilah FPA, Ramadhan MF, Faturrahman AD, Aurina DM, Dewi MAK, Ainaya FA, Rachmalia F, Fatikha LA, Nugroho GD, Yap CK, Setyawan AD. 2023. Structure, composition and economic potential of molluscs (gastropods and bivalves) in the Lembupurwo Lagoon Beach, Kebumen, Central Java, Indonesia. Genbinesia 2 (3): 110-122. DOI: 10.55655/genbinesia.v2i3.35.
Shi Y, Mon AM, Fu Y, Zhang Y, Wang C, Yang X, Wang Y. 2018. The genus Ficus (Moraceae) used in diet: Its plant diversity, distribution, traditional uses and ethnopharmacological importance. J Ethnopharmacol 226: 185-196.DOI : 10.1016/j.jep.2018.07.027.
Soliman AT, Hamdy R, Mahdy R. 2021. Numerical taxonomy of genus Ficus L. 1753 (Moraceae), with addition new record species to Egypt. Bull Iraq Nat Hist Mus 16 (4): 429-467. DOI: 10.26842/binhm.7.2021.16.4.0429.
Strong WL. 2016. Biased richness and evenness relationships within Shannon–Wiener index values. Ecol Indic 67: 703-713. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.03.043.
Ulfah M, Rahayu P, Dewi LR. 2015. Local plants’s morphology as a potential water storage: Water conservation in Karangmanggis, Boja, Kendal, Central Java. Pros Sem Nasl Masy Biodivers Indones 1 (3): 418-422. DOI: 10.13057/psnmbi/m010306. [Indonesian]
Vargas DCM, Quiñones Hoyos CDP, Hernández Manrique OL. The water-energy-food nexus in biodiversity conservation: A systematic review around sustainability transitions of agricultural systems. Heliyon 9 (7): el7016. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17016.
Wijaya IMS, Defiani MR. 2021. Diversity and distribution of figs (Ficus: Moraceae) in Gianyar District, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22 (1): 233-246. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220129.
Yuan S, Yin T, He H, Liu X, Long X, Dong P, Zhu Z. 2024. Phenotypic, metabolic and genetic adaptations of the Ficus species to abiotic stress response: A comprehensive review. Intl J Mol Sci 25 (17): 9520. DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179520.
Zeng Y, Zhao C, Li J, Li Y, Lv G, Liu T. 2019. Effect of groundwater depth on riparian plant diversity along riverside-desert gradients in the Tarim River. J Plant Ecol 12 (3): 564-573. DOI: 10.1093/jpe/rty048.
Zotz G, Almeda F, Bautista-Bello AP, Eskov A, Giraldo-Cañas D, Hammel B, Harrison R, Köster N, Krömer T, Lowry II PP, Moran RC, Plunkett GM, Weichgrebe L. 2021. Hemiepiphytes revisited. Perspect Plant Ecol Evol Syst 51: 125620. DOI: 10.1016/j.ppees.2021.125620.