Diversity and distribution of vascular macrophytes in Ansupa Lake, Odisha, India
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Abstract. Panda M, Samal RN, Bhatta KS, Lenka S, Rout J, Patra HK, Nanda S. 2018. Diversity and distribution of vascular macrophytes in Ansupa Lake, Odisha, India. Bonorowo Wetlands 8: 1-12. Macrophytes are an indispensable component of any wetlands. They are the base of the trophic structure and variously affect the function of the aquatic ecosystem. To identify the causative plant species, extensive invasion of macrophytes was enforced for present studies in Ansupa Lake, the largest freshwater lake of the state Odisha (India). Regular field inspection, quadratic sampling, and specimen collections were carried out to identify the present macrophytes of the lake and their quantitative aspects like frequency of occurrences, abundance, values of diversity indices, adaptation and growth forms, species distribution, etc. 244 macrophyte species were identified, including 182 semi-aquatic and 62 obligatory aquatic macrophytes. The latter group had 35% submerged, 15% free-floating, 31% rooted floating, and 19% marshy plant species. The comparison of growth form showed 66% annuals and the remaining 34% perennial plants. The diversity indices resulted, Simpson, complement index-0.561, Shannon-Weiner index-1.367, Species richness index 3.079, and Species evenness index-0.156. The study showed that the lake provides suitable habitats for the existence of a diverse group of macrophytes. Still, the extensive invasion of a few species has threatened the lake, which needs to be appropriately managed to restore the health of this natural resource for the benefit of humanity.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
MI, Naikoo MI, Khan AA. 2017. Aquatic plant biodiversity: A
biological Indicator for the Monitoring and Assessment of Water
Quality. In: Ansari AA, Gill SS, Abbas ZK, Naeem M (eds). Plant
Biodiversity: Monitoring, Assessment and Conservation. CAB
International, Wallingford.
Basak SK, Ali MM, Islam MS, Shaha PR. 2015. Aquatic weeds of Haor
area in Kishoregonj district, Bangladesh: Availability, Threats and
Management Approaches. Intl J Fish Aquat Stud 2 (6): 151-156.
Bornette G, Puijalon S. 2009. Macrophytes: Ecology of Aquatic Plants. In
Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.,
Chichester, UK.
Brundu G. 2015. Plant invaders in European and Mediterranean inland
waters: profiles, distribution, and threats. Hydrobiologia 746: 61-79.
Byers EJ, Cuddington K, Jones CG, Talley TS, Hastings A, Lambrinos
JG, Crooks JA, Wilson WG. 2006. Using ecosystem engineers to
restore ecological systems. Trends Ecol Evol 21: 493-500.
Calvert G, Liessmann L. 2014. Wetland Plants of the TownsvilleBurdekin Flood Plain. Lower Burdekin Landcare Association Inc.,
Ayr.
Campbell S, Higman P, Slaughter B, Schools E. 2010. A field Guide to
Invasive Plants of Aquatic and Wetland Habitats for Michigan.
Michigan State University Extension, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Chambers PA, Lacoul P, Murphy KJ, Thomaz SM. 2008. Global diversity
of aquatic macrophytes in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595: 9-26.
Chamier J, Schachtschneider K, Maitre DC, Ashton PJ, Wilgen BW.
2012. Impacts of invasive alien plants on water quality, with
particular emphasis on South Africa. Water SA 38 (2): 345-356.
Crow GE, Hellquist CB. 2000. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of
Northeastern North America. The University of Wisconsin Press,
Madison, WI.
Dalu T, Clegg B, Nhiwatiwa T. 2012. Aquatic macrophytes in a tropical
African reservoir: diversity, communities and the impact of reservoirlevel fluctuations. Trans R Soc S A 67 (3): 117-125.
Das CR, Mohanty S. 2008. Integrate Sustainable Environmental
Conservation of Ansupa Lake: A famous water resource of Orissa,
India. Special Issue on Dev. in Water Resources & Power Sectors in
Orissa. Water Energ Intl 65 (4): 62-66.
Das NR. 2012. Introduction to Aquatic and Semi-aquatic Plants of India.
Kalyani Publishers, Punjab, India.
Dodds WK. 2002. Freshwater Ecology: Concepts and Environmental
Applications. Academic Press, New York.
Gerber A, Cilliers CJ, Ginkel C. van, Glen R. 2004. Easy identification of
Aquatic plants: A guide for the identification of water plants in and
around South African impoundments. South Africa Department of
Water Affairs, Pretoria.
Ghosh SK. 2005. Illustrated aquatic and wetland plants in harmony with
mankind. Standard Literature, 76, Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose
Road, Kolkata, India.
Gopal B. 1995. Biodiversity in Freshwater Ecosystems Including
Wetlands, Biodiversity and Conservation in India, A Status Report.
Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta.
Gupta OP. 2012. Weedy aquatic plants: Their utility, menace and
management. Agrobios, India.
Haines HH. 1921-1925. The Botany of Bihar and Orisha, 6 parts. London,
Botanical Survey of India, Culcutta.
Margalef DR. 1958. Information theory in ecology. Year Book of the
Society for General Systems Research 3: 36-71.
Mohanty S, Das CR. 2008. Community Mobilization and Participation in
Implementing Integrated Sustainable Conservation of Ansupa Lake, a
Famous Wetland of Orissa. In: Sengupta M, Dalwani R (eds).
Proceedings of Taal 2007: The 12th World Lake Conference 1240-
1246.
Naskar KR. 1990. Aquatic & Semi-aquatic plants of the lower Ganga
delta. Daya Publishing House, Delhi.
Oyedeji AA, Abowei JFN. 2012. The Classification, Distribution, Control
and Economic Importance of Aquatic Plants. Intl J Fish Aquat Sci 1
(2): 118-128.
Panda SP, Sahoo HK, Subudhi HN, Sahu AK, Mishra P. 2016. Ecofloristic diversity of Ansupa Lake, Odisha (India) with special
reference to aquatic macrophytes. J Biodiv Photon 116: 537-552.
Patra S, Patra AK. 2007. Environment impact assessment of a fresh water
ecosystem operating in Ansupa Lake: An urgent need for
development of fishery resources. In: Proc. Nat. Sem. on
Environment pollution and its protection issues in Orissa. Organised
by Department of Zoology G.S.College. Athagarh.1-2 Sept. 95-98.
Pattanaik C, Prasad SN, Reddy CS. 2008. Warning bells in Ansupa Lake,
Orissa. Curr Sci 64 (5): 560.
Pielou EC. 1975. Ecological Diversity. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Sarkar SD, Ekka A, Sahoo AK, Rashith CM, Lianthuamluaia,
Roychowdhury A. 2015. Role of floodplain wetlands in supporting
livelihood: A case study of Ansupa Lake in Odisha. J Environ Sci
Comput Sci Eng Technol 4 (3): 819-826.
Shah MA, Reshi ZA. 2012. Invasion by alien macrophytes in freshwater
ecosystems of India. In: Bhatt et al. (eds). Invasive Alien Plants: An
Ecological Appraisal for the Indian Subcontinent. CAB International,
Wallingford, UK.
Shannon CE, Wiener W. 1963. The Mathematical Theory of
Communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, USA.
Simpson EH. 1949. Measurement of diversity. Nature 163: 688.
Stallings KD, Seth-Carley D, Richardson RJ. 2015. Management of
Aquatic Vegetation in the Southeastern United states. J Integrat Pest
Manag 6 (1): 1-5.
Udayakumar M, Ajithadoss K. 2010. Angiosperms, Hydrophytes of five
ephemeral lakes of Thiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu, India. Chicklist
6 (2): 270-274.
Upadhyay VP, Malviya HS, Behura S, Rout DK. 2009. Ecological
methods for biodiversity assessment in EIA. Indian J Environ Ecoplan
16 (1): 157-168.
Varshney JG, Sushilkumar, Mishra JS. 2008. Current Status of Aquatic
Weeds and Their Management in India. In: Sengupta M, Dalwani R
(eds). Proceedings of Taal 2007: The 12th World Lake Conference.
Jaipur, India, 28 October– 2 November 2007.
Wang H, Wang Q, Bowler PA, Xiong W. 2016. Invasive aquatic plants in
China. Aquat Invas 11 (1): 1-9.
Whitford PB. 1949. Distribution of woodland plants in relation to
succession and clonal growth. Ecology 30: 199-208.
Zedler JB, Kercher S. 2004. Causes and consequences of invasive plants
in wetlands: opportunities, opportunists, and outcomes. Crit Rev Plant
Sci 23: 431-452.