Callus growth and essential oil of nilam (Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Bth.) on the treatment with ï¡-naphtalen acetic acid and kinetin
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Abstract
Abstract. The objectives of the research were to study the effect of adding - naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and kinetin on callus growth and essential oil production from nilam (Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Bth.) callus culture. The outline of the research was that callus growth, and the occurrence of plant growth regulation could trigger secondary metabolite production from the plant’s body. The addition of NAA and kinetin in the culture’s medium would influence cell proliferation and synthesis of protein so that both can induce callus growth and secondary metabolism production from the cultured cell. According to the research objectives, the research was done by using in vitro callus culture method to obtain callus from explant P. cablin leaf and to induce essential oil production. In vitro culture process consists of two stages. The first stage was the callus initiation medium that induced the callus from the explant. The experiment was done by medium Murashige-Skoog (MS) with 2,4-D 0,5 mg/l and kinetin 0.5 mg/l, and the second stage was the medium treatment-induced callus growth and essential oil production. The research used factorial completely randomized design with two factors (NAA concentration: 0mg/l, 0,5 mg/l, 1,0 mg/l, 2,0 mg/l; and kinetin concentration: 0 mg/l, 0,5 mg/l, 1,0 mg/l, 2,0 mg/l) with 3 replicates. The collected data were qualitative data (callus morphology include texture and color callus) and quantitative data (callus growth rate, dry callus weight, and essential oil content). Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by DMRT 5% confidence level and correlation regression. The result of the research indicated the treatment with additional plant growth regulation (NAA and kinetin) on Murashige-Skoog’s medium had a significant effect on the callus growth rate. Still, it didn’t significantly affect dry callus weight and increased essential oil production.