Growth and saponin production of Talinum paniculatum Gaertn. callus culture on various addition with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin

Abstract

Abstract. The objectives of the research were to study the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxiacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin on callus growth and saponin production from Talinum paniculatum Gaertn. callus. The research outline was T. paniculatum as a medicinal plant potentially to be developed with an in-vitro culture method. The addition of 2,4-D and kinetin in the culture’s medium would induce protein synthesis. Furthermore, it would influence cell proliferation and cell metabolism with regulation enzyme action so that both induced callus growth and secondary metabolism production from the cell that be cultured. The research used factorial completely randomized design with two factors (2,4-D concentration: 0 mgL^-1, 0.5 mgL^-1, 1 mgL^-1, 1.5 mgL^-1 and kinetin concentration: 0 mgL^-1, 0.5 mgL^-1, 1 mgL^-1, 1.5 mgL^-1) with three replicates. Data collected were qualitative data (callus morphology included texture and color of callus) and quantitative data (callus growth rate, wet callus weight, dry callus weight, and saponin content). Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by DMRT 5% confidence level and correlation regression. The result of the research indicated that the treatment with additional plant regulation (2,4-D and kinetin) on MS medium has a significant effect on callus growth and saponin production. Addition 2,4-D 1.5 mgL^-1 and kinetin 1.5 mgL^-1 as an optimum combination concentration to induce callus growth and saponin production.