The effect of broccoli (Brassica oelracea var botrytis) extract to the microanatomy structure of liver and kidney in mice (Mus musculus L.) after exposed by lead acetate (Pb-acetate) orally

Abstract

Abstract. The aims of this research were to know the effect of broccoli extract on the microanatomy structure of the liver and kidney in mice after induction of lead acetate. The broccoli contains antitoxic compounds such as sulforaphane, beta-carotene, indole, quercetin, and glutathione. The research was evaluated experimentally on Swiss mice at the age of 2 months with an average weight of 31 g. These mice were divided into five groups. A group was a placebo control that was given only with distilled water 1 ml for 30 days. The negative control group received lead acetate orally at the dose of 0.52 mg/g body weights for 15 days. Mice of groups 1, 2, and 3 received the same treatment but continued with giving broccoli extract orally in three doses: 2.1 mg; 2.8 mg, and 3.5 mg/g bw/day respectively for 15 days. Liver and kidney were removed on the 31^st day. Observation of microanatomy structure was: 1) Determining the kind and damage level of hepatocyte, glomerulus and proximal tubules epithelial as the qualitative data; 2) Measuring the height of proximal tubules epithelial, glomerulus diameter, and central vein diameter as the quantitative data, which then analyzed with ANOVA. The result of this research showed that exposure to lead acetate orally caused hydrophilic degeneration, fatty swelling, and necrotic (pycnotic, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis) on hepatocyte, and proximal tubules epithelial, swelling of glomeruli. Consumption of broccoli at the dose of 3.5 mg/g bw/day could repair the damaged cells of lead acetate. Broccoli extract at the lowest dose (2.1 mg/g bw/day and 2.8 mg/g bw/day) could not repair the damaged cells of lead acetate. Consumption of broccoli extract at the dose of 3.5 mg/g bw/day was helping the cells repairmen (i.e., hepatocyte, glomerulus, and proximal tubule epithelial) in mice (Mus musculus. L) damaged by lead acetate.