Phytochemical and proximate compositions of frond extracts of Nephrolepis biserrata, Phymatosorus scolopendria, and Microgramma mauritiana in Rivers State University, Nigeria

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##

PDF
DOI https://doi.org/10.13057/biofar/f220101
Issue
Vol. 22 No. 1 (2024)
Section
Articles

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

ASIKIYE IBIYE
Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Rivers State University. Nkpolu-Oroworuko, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6044-5257
BLESSING O. GREEN
Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Rivers State University. Nkpolu-Oroworuko, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
MERCY G. AJURU ♥
Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Rivers State University. Nkpolu-Oroworuko, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
LAURETTA C. CHIKERE
Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Rivers State University. Nkpolu-Oroworuko, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Abstract

Abstract. Ibiye A, Green BO, Ajuru MG, Chikere LC. 2024. Phytochemical and proximate compositions of frond extracts of Nephrolepis biserrata, Phymatosorus scolopendria, and Microgramma mauritiana in Rivers State University, Nigeria. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 22: 1-7. Pteridophytes have a great range of forms and are cosmopolitan in distribution. There are about 13,500 species of fern and allies distributed throughout the world. This research was carried out to investigate the phytochemical and proximate compositions of three species of ferns growing at Rivers State University, Nigeria. The three fern species were Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Desv., Phymatosorus scolopendria (Burm.fil.) Pic.Serm., and Microgramma mauritiana (Willd.) Tardieu. The phytochemical and proximate composition analyses were done using standard procedures. Results from the phytochemical analysis showed that glycoside was the highest content in the three ferns, that is, P. scolopendria (17.24%), N. biserrata (14.47%), M. mauritiana (12.8%), followed by alkaloid in M. mauritiana (7.18%), N. biserrata (6.10%), P. scolopendria (4.42%). Phenol content in M. mauritiana, P. scolopendria, and N. biserrata were 4.09%, 2.17%, and 1.33%, respectively. Flavonoid content in N. biserrata, P. scolopendria, and M. mauritiana were 3.16%, 2.87%, and 2.43%, respectively. Saponin content in P. scolopendria, M. mauritiana, and N. biserrata were 1.65%, 1.35%, and 1.29%, respectively. Tannins content in P. scolopendria, M. mauritiana, and N. biserrata were 2.54%, 1.91%, and 0.98%, respectively. Results from proximate analysis showed that the highest moisture content was in M. mauritiana (53.39%), followed by P. scolopendria (50.78%) and N. biserrata (44.58%). The lowest content in the frond extracts was ash, with the values of M. mauritiana (0.84%), N. biserrata (0.83%), and P. scolopendria (0.73%). The results of the phytochemical and proximate evaluation of the species studied indicated that they are nutritionally and medicinally important, and their consumption can provide essential nutrients humans need.

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

References
Antonisamy JMA, Narayanan J, Saleride JC, Sivaraman A. 2023. Phytochemistry of Indian Pteridophytes: A review. In: Marimuthu J, Fernandez H, Kumar A, Thangaiah S (eds). Ferns. Springer Nature, Singapore.
AOAC [Association of Official Analytical Chemists]. 2000. Official Methods of Analysis. 17th Edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC, USA.
Bandyopadhyay A, Dey A. 2022. Medicinal Pteridophytes: Ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and clinical attributes. Beni-suef Univers J Basic App Sci 11: 113. DOI: 10.1186/543088-022-00283-3.
Banso A, Adeyemi S. 2006. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial assessment of Abutilon mauritianum, Bacopa monnifera and Datura stramonium. Biokemistri 18 (1): 44-52. DOI: 10.4314/biokem. v18i1.56390.
Bouttwell RK. 1998. An overview of the role of nutrition in Carcinogenesis. In: Harris CC, Cerutti PA (eds). Nutrition Growth and Cancer. Alan R. Liss, London.
Chaney SG. 2006. Principles of nutrient 1: Macronutrients. In: Devlin TM (eds). Textbook of Biochemistry, with Clinical Correlation. John Wiley and Sons, New York
Christensen J. 1997. Medical Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Bioactivity of the Ferns of Moorea, French and Polynesia. Nichole Baltrushes Publishers, Chicago.
Dutta AC. 2003. Botany for Degree Students. 6th Ed. Oxford University Press, New Delhi, India.
Griesbach R. 2005. Biochemistry and genetics of flower color. Plant Breed Rev 25: 89-114. DOI: 10.1002/9780470650301.ch4.
Harborne JB. 1973. Phytochemical Methods. Chapman and Hall, London.
Igile GO, Iwara IA, Mgbeye BI, Uboh FE, Ebong PE. 2013. Phytochemical, proximate and nutrient composition of Vernonia calvaona Hook (Asteraceae): A Green-leafy vegetable in Nigeria. J Food Res 2 (6): 111-122. DOI: 10.5539/jfr.v2n6p1.
Khoja AA, Haq SM, Majeed M, Hassan M, Waheed M, Yagoob U, Bussmann RW, Alataway A, Dewidar AZ, Al-Yafrsi M, Elansary HO, Yessoufou K, Zaman W. 2022. Ecological and traditional knowledge of Pteridophytes in Western Himalayas. Diversity 14 (8): 628. DOI: 10.3390/d14080628.
Kittakoop P, Mahido C, Ruchirawat S. 2014. Alkaloids as important scaffolds in therapeutic drugs for the treatments of cancer, tuberculosis, and smoking cessation. Curr Top Med Chem 14 (2): 239-252. DOI: 10.2174/1568026613666131216105049.
Kumaran A, Karunakaran RJ. 2006. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of an aqueous extract of Coleus aromaticus. Food Chem 97 (1): 109-114. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.03.032.
Lorent JH, Quetin-Lecleberq J, Mingeot-Leclercq MP. 2014. The Amphiphilic nature of saponins and their effects on artificial and biological membranes and potential consequences for red blood and cancer cells. Org Biomol Chem 12 (44): 8803-8822. DOI: 10.1039/C4OB01652A.
Malan DF, Neuba DFR. 2011. Traditional practices and medicinal plants use during pregnancy by Anyi-Ndenye women (Eastern Côte d'Ivoire). Afr J Reprod Health 15: 85-93.
Mcgee H. 2004. On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the RT Kitchen. Scribner, New York.
Murthy HN, Yadav GG, Bhat MA. 2023. Bioactive compounds of Pteridophytes. In: Murthy HN (eds). Bioactive Compounds in Bryophytes and Pteridophytes Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-23243-5.
Obadoni BO, Ochuko PO. 2001. Phytochemical studies and comparative efficacy of the crude extracts of some haemostatic plants in Edo and Delta States of Nigeria. Glob J Pure Appl Sci 8 (2): 203-208. DOI: 10.4314/gjpas. v8i2.16033.
Piggott AG. 1996. Ferns of Malaysia in Color. Tropical Press, Kuala Lumpur.
Priti G, Pratiba K, Prabha S, Prem L. 2021. Ethnomedicinal uses of Pteridophytes for treating various human ailments in India. In: Singh LJ, Ranjan V (eds). New Vistas in Indian Flora. Messrs Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, India.
Raven PH, Evert RF, Eichhorn SE. 2005. Biology of Plants (7th edition). W.H.Freeman, New York.
Singh BP, Upadhyay R. 2012. Ethnobotanical importance of Pteridophytes used by the tribe of Pachmarhi, Central India. J Med Plants Res 6 (11): 14-18. DOI: 10.5897/JMPR11.367.
Snogan E, Vahirua-Lechat I, Ho R, Bertho G, Girault JP, Ortiga S. 2007. Ecdysteroids from the medicinal fern Microsorum scolopendria (Burm. f.). Phytol Anal 18 (5): 441-450. DOI: 10.1002/pca.1000. PMID: 17624884.
Sun HX, Xie Y, Ye J, Yi P. 2009. Advances in saponin-based adjuvants. Vaccine 27 (12): 1787-1796. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.01.091.
Vunchi MA, Umar MA, King AA, Liman GJ, Aigbe CO. 2011. Proximate, vitamins and mineral composition of Vitex doniana (black plum) fruit pulp. Nig J Bas Appl Sci 19 (1): 97-101. DOI: 10.4314/njbas. v19i1.69352.
Walker E, Pacold M, Perisic O. 2000. Structural determinants of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase inhibition by Wortmannin, LY294002, Quercetin, Myricetin, Staurosporine. Molec Cell 6 (4): 909-919. DOI: 10.1016/S1097-2765(05)00089-4.
Walton NJ, Mayer MJ, Narbad A. 2003. Molecules of interest: Vanillin. Phytochemistry 63 (5): 505-515. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00149-3.