Characteristics of ginger oleoresin based on powder size and submerging duration in ethanol

Abstract

Fakhrudin MI, C Anam, MAM Andriani. 2009. Characteristics of ginger oleoresin based on powder size and submerging duration in ethanol. Biofarmasi 13: 25-33. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is one of high-production commodities in Indonesia, particularly in Central Java Province. Nevertheless, in general, ginger is usually traded in fresh ginger form or simple processing results, such as dry ginger or ginger powder. Ginger oleoresin is a combination of resin, and volatile oils derive from ginger powder extraction by using organic solvent. Oleoresin is used as food and beverage flavoring substance having taste and aroma characteristics similar to the original spices. In addition, to give ginger hot taste, oleoresin is also hygienic as well as contains natural antioxidant. The research aims to find out whether or not the ginger powder size and submerging duration in ethanol, as well as, the interaction of them affect the oleoresin characterization produced. The experimental design employed was factorial design with two factors: ginger powder size variations (20 mesh, 30 mesh, 50 mesh) and ginger powder submerging duration variations in ethanol (extraction) (24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours). The data was obtained from the submerging analysis, density, and solvability in alcohol, acid and ester values, as well as phenol content of ginger oleoresin. The result of research shows that the ginger powder size and submerging duration in ethanol affect the oleoresin characterization produced; the smaller the ginger powder size and the longer the submerging duration of ginger powder in ethanol, the higher are the values of submerging, density, acid value, ester as well as phenol content. The interaction of them only affects the oleoresin density. The range of submerging value obtained is 8-14.5%; density 1.2252-1.2809; solvability in alcohol 1:6-1:10; acid value 0.560-2.248; ester value 5.416-14.978 as well as phenol content 3-7%.