Antimicrobial activity of fraction from methanolic extract of senggani (Melastoma candidum) leaves towards Staphylococcus aureus and Sa. typhimurium and thin layer chromatography profile of the most active fraction

Abstract

Liana I, OP Astirin, Nugraheni ER. 2015. Antimicrobial activity of fraction from methanolic extract of senggani (Melastoma candidum) leaves towards Staphylococcus aureus and Sa. typhimurium and thin layer chromatography profile of the most active fraction. Biofarmasi 13: 66-77. Controlling pathogen bacteria is important to prevent the spread of disease and infection. One of the solution is by antibiotic therapy. However, the use of antibiotic with inappropriate dose and time can cause bacterial resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to discover new antimicrobial compounds which can be used to control pathogen bacteria. One of the new antimicrobial compounds is secondary metabolites of Senggani (Melastoma candidum D. Don). The aim of this research is to know antimicrobial effect, percentage of MIC and MBC from the most active fraction of Senggani leaves towards S. aureus and Sa. typhimurium, and to know the most active fraction KLT profile of methanol extract of Senggani leaves. Separating bioactive components of Senggani leaves was done by macerating them with methanol solvent, then partitioning the solid and liquid matter using ether solvent, and fractionating them using chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol solvent due to some proportions. Antimicrobial test was conducted using Kirby-Bauer diffusion method on MHA media towards S. aureus and Sa. typhimurium, whereas the determination of the percentage of MIC and MBC was conducted using dilution method on MHB media. The determination of chemical compounds group was done by KLT on the most active fraction using some specific spray reagents. The result of the research showed that Senggani leaves have antimicrobial activity towards S. aureus on F6 and Sa. typhimurium on F5. Both F5 and F6 have chemical compounds which belong to phenolic group, that is tannin, with the value Rf 9,40. MIC and MBC test shows that the percentage of MIC F6 towards aureus is 400 mg/mL, while the percentage of MBC can not be determined. Similarly, on MIC and MBC test towards Sa. typhimurium, the percentage MIC, and MBC cannot be determined.