Indonesian native medicinal plants of mechanisms and potential compounds as anti-Alzheimer's
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Abstract. Maysha DJ, Earline V, Hastilestari BR. 2023. Indonesian native medicinal plants of mechanisms and potential compounds as anti-Alzheimer's. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 9: 143-152. Alzheimer's is a disease that attacks the brain's nervous system causing a cognitive decline in one's thinking patterns and memory; Alzheimer's is a serious and deadly disease. This disease's Symptoms can be reduced using herbal plants containing certain compounds, and Indonesian have long used these medicinal plant compounds to prevent Alzheimer's disease. The purpose of this paper is to study Indonesian native medicinal plant compounds which reduce Alzheimer's disease and their inhibition molecular mechanism. Alzheimer's occurs due to the production of A?; the excessive activity of the Beta Secretase enzyme accumulates continuously, forming plaques and stimulating the microglial, which can cause dementia. Therefore, administering medicinal plant compounds can reduce Alzheimer's disease; for example, gotu kola (Centella asiatica), which contains a Trans-Caryophyllene (TC) compound, has shown a neuroprotective effect. Moreover, compounds derived from curcumin from turmeric (Curcuma sp.) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) from green tea (Camellia sinensis L. Ktze.) can suppress cleavage mediated by ?-secretase. Meanwhile, inflammation that causes nerve damage and brain edema can be inhibited by polyphenolic compounds. Quercetin compounds protect neurons from oxidative damage and simultaneously reduce lipid peroxidation. Beta secretase enzyme activity can be stabilized with BACE1 inhibitors, stimulating the TREm 2 Receptor by knocking down the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R). Nervous degenerative and memory disorders can be prevented by capsaicin compounds from chili (Capsicum frutescens). Thus, proper knowledge about the Indonesian native compounds in medicinal plants and a better understanding of the causes of Alzheimer's disease strengthen the independence of medicinal raw materials in Indonesia.
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