Inventory of local fruit plants, Phyllantus emblica of Purwodadi Botanical Garden collection, potential antimicrobial and antiviral compounds, and distribution in Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Khairunnisa A, Angio MH. 2023. Inventory of local fruit plants, Phyllantus emblica of Purwodadi Botanical Garden collection, potential antimicrobial and antiviral compounds, and distribution in Indonesia. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 9: 22-28. Phyllanthus emblica L. is a local tropical fruit plant known as kemloko or kemlaka. This plant has many benefits as food and medicinal ingredients, but there has not been much-related research in Indonesia. P. emblica contains secondary metabolites that have potential as antimicrobials, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiprotozoal. This study was prepared to inventory P. emblica in the Purwodadi Botanical Garden (PBG) collections, its potential as an antimicrobial, and its distribution in Indonesia. The method used was field observation to plant inventory and literature studies on the antimicrobial potential compounds and the distribution of P. emblica. The study showed that PBG had 3 (three) specimens in their collection of P. emblica plants. Antibacterial and antifungal compounds obtained are 1-Hexacosanol, Octadecanoic acid, Methyl ester, and 12-Oleanen-3-yl acetate; the antiviral compound is 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-?-D-glucose; and antiprotozoal compounds are flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and alkaloids are in various P. emblica plant parts. The conservation status of P. emblica is classified as a low-risk species, but this plant is a local fruit plant that is rarely known and has little public awareness. This condition could lead to reduced populations due to various factors. The P. emblica's potential as antimicrobials, such as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antiprotozoal, should lead the community to continue to preserve and protect P. emblica so that it does not become extinct.