Water quality assessment of river based on phytoplankton biological integrity index in rural areas of the upstream Citarum River, West Java, Indonesia

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##

PDF
DOI https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d250248
Issue
Vol. 25 No. 2 (2024)
Section
Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

DESTY PRATIWI ♥
Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran. Jl. Dipatiukur 35, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
DINA OKTAVIA
Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran. Jl. Dipatiukur 35, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
DADAN SUMIARSA
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
SUNARDI
Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran. Jl. Dipatiukur 35, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Pratiwi D, Oktavia D, Sumiarsa D, Sunardi S. 2024. Water quality assessment of river based on phytoplankton biological integrity index in rural areas of the upstream Citarum River, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 881-889. The deterioration of water quality in the upstream Citarum River is one of the consequences of agricultural practices characterized by fertilizer and pesticide runoff that disrupts the ecological balance of aquatic ecosystems. The research area was on agricultural land use in the Cihawuk segment, Kertasari, Bandung District. The present study attempts to community structure and assess the water quality using the biological indexes of rural areas in upstream Citarum River through phytoplankton studies. A purposive sampling technique was used to collect data on physico-chemical parameters and phytoplankton community structure from stations selected on the basis of agricultural land use. Furthermore, biological indexes such as pollution levels based on the Shannon Wienner diversity index (H'), Palmer algae index, and Diatomeae index are examined using the data community structure of phytoplankton. The findings show that the abundance of phytoplankton in rural areas is 4,105 cells/L. The community structure of phytoplankton was dominated by Coelastrum sp. and Trachellomonas sp. The Palmer algae index ranges from 23-26, indicating that the water was a highly organic pollutant. The pollution level of upstream Citarum River based on the diversity index shows moderately polluted water. Meanwhile, the diatomeae index showed less than 0.2, which sites water bodies were mesotrophic. Phytoplankton and their indexes serve as valuable tools for evaluating the quality of the water environment.

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

References
Abdelfattah A, Sameh SA, Hassan R, Eslam IE, Reham E, Shih HH, Tamer Elsamahy, Shengan L, Mostafa ME, Michael S, Michael K, Jiazhou S. 2023. Microalgae-based wastewater treatment: Mechanisms, challenges, recent advances, and future prospects. Environ Sci Ecotechnol 13: 100205. DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.ese.2022.100205 .
Aida SN, Ridho MR, Saleh E, Utomo AD. 2022. Distribution of phytoplankton based on the water quality of Bengawan Solo River, Central Java. AACL Bioflux 15 (2): 641-651.
Alhafidzoh SS, Hasan Z, Sunarto, Herawati H. 2021. The influence of water physical chemical quality on the zooplankton community structure in the upstream Citarum River of West Java Province. Asian J Fish Aquat Res 13 (1): 37-47. DOI: 10.9734/Ajfar/2021/V13i130258.
APHA. 2017. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 23rd ed. Washington DC. American Public Health Association, USA.
Apriansyah A, Safitri I, Risko Afdal A, Arsad S. 2021. Microalgae community as aquatic quality bioindicator in Peniti Estuary West Kalimantan. Saintek Perikanan Indones J Fish Sci Technol 17: 65. DOI: 10.14710/ijfst.17.1.%p. [Indonesian]
Atwell A, Bouldin J. 2022. Effects of agricultural intensity on nutrient and sediment contributions within the Cache River Watershed, Arkansas. Water 14: 2528. DOI: 10.3390/w14162528.
Bala S, Garg D, Thirumalesh BV, Sharma M, Sridhar K, Inbaraj BS, Tripathi M. 2022. Recent strateges for bioremediation of emerging pollutants: A review for a green and sustainable environment. Toxics 10 (8): 1-24. DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080484.
Bashir I, Lone F, Bhat R, Mir S, Dar Z, Dar S. 2020. Concerns and threats of contamination on aquatic ecosystems. In: Bioremediation and Biotechnology: Sustainable Approach to Pollution Degradation. Springer, London. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-46075-4_2.
Borics G, Abonyi A, Salmaso N, Ptacnik R. 2021. Freshwater phytoplankton diversity: Models, drivers and implications for ecosystem properties. Hydrobiologia 848 (1): 53-75. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-020-04332-9.
Celewicz A, A Kozak, N Kuczynska-Kippen. 2022. Chlorophytes response to habitat complexity and human disturbance in the catchment of small and shallow aquatic systems. Sci Rep 12 (1). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17093-3.
Ding T, Wang S, Yang B, Li J. 2019. Biological removal of pharmaceuticals by Navicula sp. and biotransformation of bezafibrate. Chemosphere 240: 124949. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124949.
Djoru MR, Gimin R, Suwari. 2020. Phytoplankton (microalgae) as an alternative of renewable energy sources. IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng 823 (1): 012019. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/823/1/012019.
Downing AL, Brown BL, Leibold MA. 2014. Multiple diversity-stability mechanisms enhance population and community stability in aquatic food webs. Ecology 95 (1): 173-184. DOI: 10.1890/12-1406.1.
Figler A, Márton K, B-Béres V, Bácsi I. 2021. Effects of nutrient content and nitrogen to phosphorous ratio on the growth, nutrient removal and desalination properties of the green alga Coelastrum morus on a laboratory scale. Energies 14 (8): 2112. DOI: 10.3390/en14082112.
Firsova A, Yuri G, Anna B, Lubov T, Mario S, Artyom M, Diana H, Maria N, Vasiliasa B, Ivan M, Yelena L. 2023. Environmental factors affecting distribution and diversity of phytoplankton in the Irkutsk reservoir ecosystem in June 2023. Diversity 15 (10): 1070. DOI: 10.3390/d15101070.
Frates ES, Spietz RL, Silverstein MR, Girguis P, Hatzenpichler R, Marlow J.J. 2023. Natural and anthropogenic carbon input affect microbial activity in salt marsh sediment. Front Microbiol 14: 1-20. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1235906.
Häder DP, Hemmersbach R. 2022. Euglena, a gravitactic flagellate of multiple usages. Life 12 (10): 1522. DOI: 10.3390/life12101522.
Han C, Dai Y, Sun N, Wu H, Tang Y, Dai T. 2022. Algae bloom and decomposition changes the phosphorus cycle pattern in Taihu Lake. Water 14 (22): 3607. DOI: 10.3390/w14223607.
Hasan MT, Sun A, Khatiwada B, McQuade L, Mirzaei M, Te’o J, Hobba G, Sunna A, Nevalainen H. 2019. Comparative proteomics investigation of central carbon metabolism in Euglena gracilis grown under predominantly phototrophic, mixotrophic and heterotrophic cultivations. Algal Res 43: 101638. DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101638.
Hillebrand H, Blasius B, Borer ET, Chase JM, Eriksson DBK, Filstrup CT, Harpole WS, Hodapp D, Larsen S, Lewandowska AM, Seabloom EW, Van de Waal D, Ryabov AB. 2018. Biodiversity change is uncoupled from species richness trends: Consequences for conservation and monitoring. J Appl Ecol 55 (1): 169-184. DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12959.
Ibrahim A, Sjarmidi A. 2017. Development of bioassessment methode for water quality assessment of Cihampelas Stream in the Citarum River Basin. Jurnal Sumber Daya Air 13 (1): 37-52. DOI: 10.31028/jsda.v13.i1.37-52. [Indonesian]
Ilham T, Hasan Z, Andriani Y, Herawati H, Sulawesty F. 2020. Hubungan antara struktur komunitas plankton dan tingkat pencemaran di Situ Gunung Putri, Kabupaten Bogor. Limnotek?: Perairan Darat Tropis di Indonesia 27 (2): 79-92. DOI: 10.14203/limnotek.v27i2.282. [Indonesian]
Indrayani, Haslianti, Asmariani, Ardiansyah. 2023. Diversity and abundance of phytoplankton in coastal areas in Kendari Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia. J Agrosci Indones 1 (1): 25-31.
Inwongwan S, Kruger NJ, Ratcliffe R, O'neill EC. 2019. Euglena central metabolic pathways and their subcellular locations. Metabolites 9 (6): 115. DOI: 10.3390/metabo9060115.
Jimenez-Veuthey M, Andrade-Belgeri M, Bordet F, Maximiliano B, Flores M. 2018. A Simple, efficient and economical method for isolation of Scenedesmus obliquus (Chlorophyceae) from freshwater sample (Embalse Salto Grande, Argentina). Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol Environ Sci 20: 6-12.
Kamalanathan M, Dao L, Chaisutyakorna P, Gleadow R, Beardall J. 2017. Photosynthetic physiology of Scenedesmus sp. (Chlorophyceae) under photoautotrophic and molasses-based heterotrophic and mixotrophic conditions. Phycologia 56: 666-674. DOI: 10.2216/17-45.1.
Khan N, Tisha N. 2020. Freshwater algal tolerance to organic pollution: A review. Pollut Res 39: 1297-1301.
Landi P, Minoarivelo HO, Brännström Å, Hui C, Dieckmann, U. 2018. Complexity and stability of ecological networks: A review of the theory. Pop Ecol 60 (4): 319-345. DOI: 10.1007/s10144-018-0628-3.
Le TT, Luong QD, Vo TTH, Nguyrn VT. 2018. A case study of phytoplankton used as a biological index for water quality assessment of Nhu Y River, Thua Thien-Hue. Vietnam J Sci Technol Eng 60.(4): 45-51. DOI: 10.31276/VJSTE.60(4).45-51.
Li F, Yuanqing M, Xiukai S, Shaowen L, Xiaomin Z, Xiuxia W, Tiantian W, Zhenning S. 2022. Community structure and ecological quality assessment of macrobenthos in the coastal sea areas of Northern Yantai, China. Front Mar Sci 9: 1-14. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.989034.
Li M, Gao X, Wu B, Qian X, Cui Y. 2014. Microalga Euglena as a bioindicator for testing genotoxic potentials of organic pollutants in Taihu Lake, China. Ecotoxicol 23: 633-640. DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1214-x.
Lin L, Yang H, Xu X. 2022. Effects of water pollution on human health and disease heterogeneity: A review. Front Environ Sci 10: 880246. DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.880246.
Lind L, Eckstein RL, Relyea RA. 2022. Direct and indirect effects of climate change on distribution and community composition of macrophytes in lentic systems. Biol Rev 97 (4): 1677-1690. DOI: 10.1111/brv.12858.
Lunt J, Smee DL. 2020. Turbidity alters estuarine biodiversity and species composition. ICES J Mar Sci 77 (1): 379-387. DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsz214.
Mohsenpour SF, Hennige S, Willoughby N, Adeloye A, Gutierrez T. 2021. Integrating micro-algae into wastewater treatment: A review. Sci Tot Environ 752: 142168. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142168.
Nguyen V. 2003. Algal Biodiversity in Vietnam Inland Waterbodies. Agricultural Publishing House, Ha Noi, Vietnam.
Odum. 1993. Fundamental of Ecology. Gajah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.
Omar WMW. 2010. Perspectives on the use of algae as biological indicators for monitoring and protecting aquatic environments, with special reference to Malaysian freshwater ecosystems. Trop Life Sci Res 21 (2): 51-67.
Palmer CM. 1969. A composite rating of algae tolerating organic pollution. J Phycol 5 (1): 78-82. DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.1969.tb02581.x.
Pratiwi D, Sumiarsa D, Oktavia D, Sunardi S. 2023. Water quality influences self-purification in the Cihawuk and Majalaya Segments Upstream of the Citarum River, West Java, Indonesia. Water 15 (16): 2998. DOI: 10.3390/w15162998.
Protasov A, Barinova S, Novoselova T, Sylaieva A. 2019. The aquatic organisms diversity, community structure, and environmental conditions. Diversity 11 (90): 190. DOI: 10.3390/d11100190.
Rad SM, Ray AK, Barghi S. 2022. Water pollution and agriculture pesticide. Clean Technol 4 (4): 1088-1102. DOI: 10.3390/cleantechnol4040066.
Rey-Romero DC, Domínguez I, Oviedo-Ocaña ER. 2022. Effect of agricultural activities on surface water quality from páramo ecosystems. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29 (55): 83169-83190. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21709-6.
Roswell M, Dushoff J, Winfree R. 2021. A conceptual guide to measuring species diversity. Oikos 130 (3): 321-338. DOI: 10.1111/oik.07202.
Roy S, Letourneau L and Morse D. 2014. Cold-induced cysts of the photosynthetic dinoflagellate lingulodinium polyedrum have an arrested circadian bioluminescence rhythm and lower levels of protein phosphorylation. Plant Physiol 164 (2): 966-977. DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.229856.
Salsabila A, Zahidah LW, Hamdani H, Maulina I. 2021. Upstream Citarum River water status based on periphyton saprobic index. Intl J Fish Aquat Stud 9 (2): 60-65. DOI: 10.22271/fish.2021.v9.i2a.2444.
Samosir, Hasan Z, Rostini I, Hamdani H. 2021. Plankton community as a bio-indicator of water quality In Situ Ciburuy Padalarang, West Bandung Regency, West Java. Asian J Fish Aquat Res 15 (1): 36-49. DOI: 10.9734/ajfar/2021/v15i130321.
Sardo A, Orefice I, Balzano S, Barra L, Romano G. 2021. Mini-Review: Potential of diatom-derived silica for biomedical applications. Appl Sci 11 (10): 4533. DOI: 10.3390/app11104533.
Sawaiker R, Rodrigues B. 2017. Biomonitoring of selected freshwater bodies using diatoms as ecological indicators. J Ecosyst Ecograph 07 (2): 234. DOI: 10.4172/2157-7625.1000234.
Shams M, Karimian S. 2017. Identification of alagae as pollution bioindicators in Shakh-Kenar, Gavkhoni Wetland. J Res Sci Technol 3 (7): 23-24.
Sharma K, Singh S. 2022. Chapter 4 planktons: A bio-indicator of health for aquatic ecosystem. AkiNik Publication, New Delhi.
Stevenson R. 2014. Ecological assessments with algae: A review and synthesis. J Phycol 50: 437-461. DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12189.
Sudarso J, Suryono T, Yoga G, Samir O, Shoolikhah I and Ibrahim A. 2021. The impact of anthropogenic activities on benthic macroinvertebrates community in the Ranggeh River. J Ecol Eng 22 (5): 179-190. DOI: 10.12911/22998993/135773.
Sunardi S, Febriani R, Irawan B, Saputri MS. 2017. The dynamic of phytoplankton community structure in face of warming climate in a tropical Man-Made Lake. Biosaintifika: J Biol Biol Edu 9 (1): 140-147. DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i1.7725.
Syeed MMM, Hossain MS, Karim MR, Uddin MF, Hasan M, Khan RH. 2023. Surface water quality profiling using the water quality index, pollution index and statistical methods: A critical review. Environ Sustain Indic 18: 100247. DOI: /10.1016/j.indic.2023.100247.
Trang LT, Luong D, Vo T. and Nguyen T. 2018. A case study of phytoplankton used as a biological index for water quality assessment of Nhu Y river, Thua Thien - Hue. Vietnam J Sci Technol Eng 60: 45-51. DOI: 10.31276/VJSTE.60(4).45-51.
Utami E, Mahardika RG, Anggraeni and Rosalina D. 2021. Chlorophyll a concentration of phytoplankton in Estuary Mangrove Kurau, Bangka Tengah, Indonesia. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci 926 (1): 012032. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/926/1/012032.
Valenzuela-Sanchez C, Pasten-Miranda N, Enríquez-Ocaña L, Barraza-Guardado R, Holguin JE and Martinez-Cordova LR. 2021. Phytoplankton composition and abundance as indicators of aquaculture effluents impact in coastal environments of mid Gulf of California. Heliyon 7: e06203. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06203.
Wilhm, JL. 1975. Biological Indicator of Pollution in River Ecological. Blackwell Scientific Publication, London, UK.
Yilmaz N, Yardimci R, Torabi Haghighi A, Elhag M and Celebi A. 2021. Water quality determination by using phytoplankton composition in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L., 1758) aquaculture ponds in Turkey. Desalin Water Treat 234: 392-398. DOI: 10.5004/dwt.2021.27613.
Zelnik I, Germ M, Golob A, Krivograd KA. 2023. Differences in phytobenthic diatom community between natural and channelized river sections. Plants 12 (11): 2191. DOI: 10.3390/plants12112191.

Most read articles by the same author(s)