Digestive tract microbiota composition of white shrimp with symptoms of White Feces Syndrome (WFS) causing high mortality in Pasuruan, Indonesia
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Issue
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Abstract. Satyantini WH, Rahardjo KKE, Amin M, Mukti AT, Andriyono S, Yasin ISM. 2025. Digestive tract microbiota composition of white shrimp with symptoms of White Feces Syndrome (WFS) causing high mortality in Pasuruan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 690-697. Disease outbreaks remain one of the leading causes of failure in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931)) farming, with White Feces Syndrome (WFS) continuing to pose a significant challenge. In Pasuruan Regency, particularly in Gerongan and Kalianyar Villages, shrimp farmers have reported alarming mortality rates associated with this disease, often experiencing high shrimp death rates within a single day. This study aimed to determine the primary pathogen responsible for WFS by analyzing differences in the microbial composition between healthy and infected shrimp using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Shrimp samples were collected from two villages in Pasuruan where WFS outbreaks had been reported. In Gerongan Village, sampling was conducted at DOC 22, while in Kalianyar Village, it was carried out at DOC 51. Each village provided two shrimp samples: healthy shrimp and those showing disease symptoms. Healthy shrimp were identified by the absence of visible disease symptoms, such as pale hepatopancreas, empty digestive tracts, and floating white feces. Sampling was conducted manually between 10 AM and 12 PM to minimize stress. The shrimp were immediately placed in sterile cool boxes with ice packs, maintaining a temperature of approximately 4°C to preserve gut microbiota and prevent microbial degradation. The shrimp gut samples were analyzed to identify the microbial composition, revealing that the dominant bacteria in the guts of WFS-infected shrimp were pathogenic species, including Photobacterium damselae, Vibrio vulnificus, and Vibrio coralliilyticus. These pathogens are suspected to be the main causative agents of WFS outbreaks in the studied areas.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
References
Anjaini J, Fadjar M, Andayani S, Agustin I, Bayu I. 2018. Histopathological changes in gill, hepatopancreas, and gut of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) infected with White Feces Disease (WFD). Res J Life Sci 5 (3): 183-194. DOI: 10.21776/ub.rjls.2018.005.03.6.
Arisa, Dewiyanti I, Putra DF, Nurfadillah N. 2021. Study of the spread of White Feces Disease (WFD) on Litopenaeus vannamei in semi-intensive ponds in Aceh Besar District, Aceh Province, Indonesia. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci 674: 012015. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/674/1/012015.
Chen W-Y, Ng TH, Wu J-H, Chen J-W, Wang H-C. 2017. Microbiome dynamics in a shrimp grow-out pond with possible outbreak of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease. Sci Rep 7: 9395. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09923-6.
Cornejo-Granados F, Lopez-Zavala AA, Gallardo-Becerra L, Mendoza-Vargas A, Sánchez F, Vichido R, Brieba LG, Viana MT, Sotelo-Mundo RR, Ochoa-Leyva A. 2017. Microbiome of Pacific whiteleg shrimp reveals differential bacterial community composition between wild, aquacultured, and AHPND/EMS outbreak conditions. Sci Rep 7: 11783. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11805-w.
De Souza Valente C, Wan AHL. Vibrio and major commercially important vibriosis diseases in decapod crustaceans. J Invertebr Pathol 181: 107527. DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107527.
Deris ZM, Iehata S, Gan HM, Ikhwanuddin M, Najiah M, Asaduzzaman M, Wang M, Liang Y, Danish-Daniel M, Sung YY, Wong LL. 2022. Understanding the effect on salinity and Vibrio harveyi on the gut microbiota profiles of Litopenaeus vannamei. Front Mar Sci 9: 974217. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.974217.
Deurenberg RH, Bathoorn E, Chlebowicz MA, Couto N, Ferdous M, García-Cobos S, Kooistra-Smid AMD, Raangs EC, Rosema S, Veloo ACM, Zhou K, Friedrich AW, Rossen JWA. 2017. Application of Next Generation Sequencing in clinical microbiology and infection prevention. J Biotechnol 243: 16-24. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.12.022.
Gouife M, Chen S, Huang K, Nawaz M, Jin S, Ma R, Wang Y, Xue L, Xie J. 2022. Photobacterium damselae subs P. damselae in mariculture. Aquac Intl 30: 1453-1480. DOI: 10.1007/s10499-022-00867-x.
Gulla S, Colquhoun DJ, Olsen AB, Spilsberg B, Lagesen K, Åkesson CP, Strøm S, Manji F, Birkbeck TH, Nilsen HK. 2023. Phylogeography and host specificity of Pasteurellaceae pathogenic to sea-farmed fish in the north-east Atlantic. Front Microbiol 14: 1236290. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236290.
Heenatigala PPM, Fernando MUL. 2016. Occurrence of bacteria species responsible for vibriosis in shrimp pond culture systems in Sri Lanka and assessment of suitable control measures. Sri Lanka J Aquat Sci 21 (1): 1-17. DOI: 10.4038/sljas.v21i1.7481.
Hikmawati F, Susilowati A, Setyaningsih R. 2019. Colony morphology and molecular identification of Vibrio spp. on Green mussels (Perna viridis) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia tourism beach areas. Biodiversitas 20 (10): 2891-2899. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201015.
Hou K, Wu Z-X, Chen X-Y, Wang J-Q, Zhang D, Xiao C, Zhu D, Koya JB, Wei L, Li J, Chen Z-S. 2022. Microbiota in health diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 7: 135. DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00974-4.
Islamey WDN, Sukenda, Nuryati S. 2019. Kelimpahan bakteri pada media budidaya dan saluran pencernaan di tambak budidaya udang intensif selama wabah White Feces Disease. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor. [Indonesian]
Jayadi M, Prajitno A, Maftuch M. 2016. The identification of Vibrio spp. bacteria from Litopenaeus vannamei infected by White Feces Syndrome. Intl J ChemTech Res 9: 448-452.
Kim HJ, Jun JW, Giri SS, Chi C, Yun S, Kim SG, Kim SW, Han SJ, Kwon J, Oh WT, Lee SB, Kim JH, Park SC. 2020. Identification and genome analysis of Vibrio coralliilyticus causing mortality of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) larvae. Pathogens 9 (3): 206. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030206.
Kumar R, Ng TH, Wang H-C. 2020. Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in penaeid shrimp. Rev Aquac 12 (3): 1867-1880. DOI: 10.1111/raq.12414.
Kumar V, De Bels L, Couck L, Baruah K, Bossier P, Van den Broeck W. 2019. PirABVP toxin binds to epithelial cells of the digestive tract and produces pathognomonic AHPND lesions in germ-free brine shrimp. Toxins 11 (12): 717. DOI: 10.3390/toxins11120717.
Kumar V, Roy S, Behera BK, Bossier P, Das BK. 2021. Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND): Virulence, pathogenesis and mitigation strategies in shrimp aquaculture. Toxins 13 (8): 9524. DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080524.
Li T, Long M, Ji C, Shen Z, Gatesoupe F-J, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Liu X, Li A. 2016. Alterations of the gut microbiome of largemouth bronze gudgeon (Coreius guichenoti) suffering from Furunculosis. Sci Rep 6: 30606. DOI: 10.1038/srep30606.
Luan Y, Li M, Zhou W, Yao Y, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Ringø E, Olsen RE, Clarke JL, Xie S, Mai K, Ran C, Zhou Z. 2023. The fish microbiota: Research progress and potential applications. Engineering 29: 137-146. DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.12.011.
Manchanayake T, Salleh A, Amal MNA, Yasin ISM, Zamri-Saad M. 2023. Pathology and pathogenesis of Vibrio infection in fish: A review. Aquac Rep 28: 101459. DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2022.101459.
Mohamad N, Amal MNA, Yasin ISM, Saad MZ, Nasruddin NS, Al-Saari N, Mino S, Sawabe T. 2019. Vibriosis in cultured marine fishes: A review. Aquaculture 512: 734289. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734289.
Moric D, Maron Y, Davidovich N, Zemah-Shamir Z, Nachum-Biala Y, Itay P, Wosnick N, Tchernov D, Harrus S. 2023. Molecular identification of Photobacterium damselae in wild marine fish from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Fishes 8 (2): 60. DOI: 10.3390/fishes8020060.
Okon EM, Okocha RC, Taiwo AB, Michael FB, Bolanle AM. 2022. Dynamics of co-infection in fish: A review of pathogen-host interaction and clinical outcome. Fish Shellfish Immunol Rep 4: 100096. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100096.
Osorio CR, Vences A, Matanza XM, Terceti MS. 2018. Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, a generalist pathogen with unique virulence factors and high genetic diversity. J Bacteriol 200 (15): e00002-e00018. DOI: 10.1128%2FJB.00002-18.
Purnamasari I, Purnama D, Utami MAF. 2017. Pertumbuhan udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) di tambak intensif. Jurnal Enggano 2: 58-67. DOI: 10.31186/jenggano.2.1.58-67. [Indonesian]
Rahardjo KKE, Satyantini WH, Amin M. 2023. Profiling of microbial community in rearing water of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) infected with White Feces Disease syndrome. J Aquac Fish Health 12 (2): 216-225. DOI: 10.20473/jafh.v12i2.35023.
Rodgers C, Parveen S, Chigbu P, Jacobs J, Rhodes M, Harter-Dennis J. 2014. Prevalence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus), seawater, and sediments of the Maryland Coastal Bays. J Appl Microbiol 117 (4): 1198-1209. DOI: 10.1111/jam.12608.
Rungrassamee W, Klanchui A, Maibunkaew S, Karoonuthaisiri N. 2016. Bacterial dynamics in intestines of the black tiger shrimp and the Pacific white shrimp during Vibrio harveyi exposure. J Invertebr Pathol 133: 12-19. DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.11.004.
Sajiri WMHW, Borkhanuddin MH, Kua B-C. 2021. Occurrence of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) infection on Penaeus vannamei in one rearing cycle. Dis Aquat Organ 144: 1-7. DOI: 10.3354/dao03571.
Sampaio A, Silva V, Poeta P, Aonofriesei F. 2022. Vibrio spp.: Life strategies, ecology, and risks in a changing environment. Diversity 14 (2): 97. DOI: 10.3390/d14020097.
Saraswati E, Wijaya AS. 2019. Antibacterial activities of Physalis angulata herb extract on White Feces Disease (WFD) in Litopenaeus shrimp vannamei. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci 236: 012103. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/236/1/012103.
Sarjito S, Apriliani M, Afriani D, Haditomo AHC. 2015. Agensia penyebab vibriosis pada udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) yang dibudidayakan secara intensif di Kendal. Jurnal Kelautan Tropis 18 (3): 189-196. DOI: 10.14710/jkt.v18i3.533. [Indonesian]
Sriurairatana S, Boonyawiwat V, Gangnonngiw W, Laosutthipong C, Hiranchan J, Flegel TW. 2014. White feces syndrome of shrimp arises from transformation, sloughing and aggregation of hepatopancreatic microvilli into vermiform bodies superficially resembling gregarines. PLoS One 9 (6): e99170. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099170.
Sukarno TSR. 2016. Studi histopatologi hepatopankreas udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) yang terinfeksi penyakit WFD (white feces syndrome) di Desa Pandangan Kulon, Kecamatan Kragan, Kabupaten Rembang Jawa Tengah. [Skripsi]. Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. [Indonesian]
Sumini S, Kusdarwati R. 2020. The discovery of Vibrio harveyi on Litopenaeus vannamei infected with white feces disease in Situbondo, East Java. Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada 22: 9. DOI: 10.22146/jfs.47791.
Supono S, Wardiyanto W, Harpeni E. 2019. Identification of Vibrio sp. as a cause of White Feces Disease in white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) and handling with herbal ingredients in East Lampung Regency, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux 12: 417-425.
Von Hoven G, Rivas AJ, Husmann M. 2019. Phobalysin: Fisheye view of membrane perforation, repair, chemotaxis, and adhesion. Toxins 11 (7): 412. DOI: 10.3390/toxins11070412.
Wang C-Z, Lin G-R, Yan T, Zheng Z-P, Chen B, Sun F-L. 2014. The cellular community in the intestine of the shrimp Penaeus penicillatus and its culture environments. Fish Sci 80: 1001-1007. DOI: 10.1007/s12562-014-0765-3.
Wang H I, Wan X, Xie G, Dong X, Wang X, Huang J. 2020a. Insights into the histopathology and microbiome of pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) suffering from White Feces Syndrome. Aquaculture 527: 735447. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735447.
Wang Z II, Shi C, Wang H, Wan X, Zhang Q, Song X, Li G, Gong M, Ye S, Xie G, Huang J. 2020b. A novel research on isolation and characterization of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae from pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) displaying black gill disease cultured in China. J Fish Dis 43: 551-559. DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13153.
Zhang X, Sun J, Han Z, Chen F, Lv A, Hu X, Sun X, Qi H, Guo Y. 2021. Vibrio parahaemolyticus alters the community composition and function of intestinal microbiota in pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Aquaculture 544: 737061. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737061.
Zhao Y, Duan C, Zhang XX, Chen H, Ren H, Yin Y, Ye L. 2018. Insights into the gut microbiota of freshwater shrimp and its associations with the surrounding microbiota and environmental factors. J Microbiol Biotechnol 28 (6): 946-956. DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1709.09070.
Zheng Y, Yu M, Liu J, Qiao Y, Wang L, Li Z, Zhang X-H, Yu M. 2017. Bacterial community associated with healthy and diseased pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) larvae and rearing water across different growth stages. Front Microbiol 8: 1362. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01362.
Zhou D, Zhang B, Dong Y, Li X, Zhang J. 2024. Coinfection of cage-cultured spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) with Vibrio harveyi and Photobacterium damselae sub sp. piscicida associated with skin ulcer. Microorganisms 12: 503. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12030503.
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- SINAR PAGI SEKTIANA, ANNUR AHADI ABDILLAH, MD. JOBAIDUL ALAM, WAHYU ISRONI, NINA NURMALIA DEWI, HYUN WOO KIM, SAPTO ANDRIYONO, Diversity of the Tabuhan Island coral reef fish revealed by DNA barcoding and implication on conservation strategy in Banyuwangi, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 23 No. 9 (2022)
- SAPTO ANDRIYONO, NITA RUKMINASARI, ANDI ALIAH HIDAYANI, INDRA JUNAIDI ZAKARIA, MD. JOBAIDUL ALAM, HYUN-WOO KIM, Diversity of dinoflagellate cysts isolated from estuarine sediments of the Bengawan Solo and Brantas rivers, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
- MUHAMAD AMIN, LAILA MUSDALIFAH, MUHAMMAD WAHYUDIN LEWARU, ALIMUDDIN, SAHRUL ALIM, MELISSA BEATA MARTIN, Profiling of microbiome biodiversity and structure associated with the gastrointestinal tract of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) using high-throughput sequencing , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
- ENDANG DEWI MASITHAH, MUHAMMAD GIANO FADHILAH, MUHAMAD AMIN, KURNIATI UMRAH NUR, LAILA MUSDALIFAH, SHIFANIA HANIFA SAMARA, YUDI CAHYOKO, ALIMUDDIN, SAHRUL ALIM, BAGUS DWI HARI SETYONO, Diversity and abundance of plankton community in Tawang and Prigi Bays, natural settlement habitats of Spiny Lobster larvae in East Java, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 24 No. 3 (2023)
- MUHAMAD AMIN, ANIS FITRIA, AKHMAD T. MUKTI, ANDI BASO MANGUNTUNGI, SHAFWAN AMRULLAH, SAHRUL ALIM, MELISSA BEATA MARTIN, Evaluating the stomach content of Wild Scalloped Spiny Lobster (Panulirus homarus) , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 23 No. 12 (2022)
- KISMIYATI, YUSUF TAUFIK HIDAYAT, MUHAMAD AMIN, Morphological and molecular identifications of ectoparasites infesting the gills of scalloped spiny lobster Panulirus homarus Linnaeus, 1758 , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 25 No. 1 (2024)