Assessing the sustainability status of mangrove forest ecosystem management by coastal community in Jaring Halus Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia
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Abstract. Sahputra E, Harahap RH, Wahyuningsih H, Utomo B. 2021. Assessing the sustainability status of mangrove forest ecosystem management by coastal community in Jaring Halus Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1-9. Mangrove forest ecosystems provide various important ecological (physical and protection) and economic services. Mangrove forest needs to be sustainably managed to ensure their functions and benefits are available in perpetuity. Still, issues regarding sustainable management of mangrove forests are rarely discussed, especially in Indonesia. This research aims: (i) to gain the fundamental understanding of the level of sustainable mangrove management by determining indicator attributes that can be categorized as leverage factors; ii) obtain the perceptions of coastal communities in mangrove forest management; and iii) investigate the compliance of coastal communities in mangrove forest management. Data were obtained through a series of interviews, field observation and focused group discussion (FGD) and questionnaires conducted from January 2018 to March 2019 in Jaring Halus Village, Secanggang Subdistrict, Langkat District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Data were analyzed using multidimensional scaling (MDS). The results showed that the status of mangrove forest management in Jaring Halus Village was categorized as moderately sustainable with a score of 65.83%. The majority of the coastal community (96% of respondents) perceived and understood the value of protecting the mangrove ecosystem, which provided physical (ecological), economic, and social functions. The community's understanding and knowledge of the importance of mangrove forests is due to the high level of dependency on their main livelihood as fishermen. Around 97% of the respondents held strong obedience to the mangrove forest management in Jaring Halus Village, which could be attributed to local wisdom related to natural resource management.
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References
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Giri C, Ochieng E, Tieszen LL, Zhu Z, Singh A, Loveland T, Masek J, Duke N. 2011. Status and distribution of mangrove forests of the world using earth. Global Ecol Biogeogr 20: 154-159.
Hutchison J, Manica A, Swetnam R, Balmford A, Spalding M. 2014. Predicting global patterns in mangrove forest biomass. Conserv Lett 7 (3): 233-240.
Joshi HG, Ghose M. 2014. Community structure, species diversity, and aboveground biomass of the Sundarbans mangrove swamps. Trop Ecol 55 (3): 283-303.
Janmaimool P., 2016 The Establishment of a community-based mangrove forest management plan: lessons learned from mangrove forest conservation in the Nernkhor Sub-district, Rayong Province Thailand. Applied Environmental Research 38:59-75.
Jusoff K., 2013 Review: Malaysian mangrove forests and their significance to the coastal marine environment. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 22:979-1005.
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Kathiresan K., Bingham B. L., 2001 Biology of mangrove and mangrove ecosystems. Advances in Marine Biology 40:81?251.
Karlina E., Kusmana C., Marimin, Bismark M., 2016 [Analysis of sustainability of mangrove protection forest management in Batu Ampar, Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan Province]. Journal of Forestry Policy Analysis 13:201-219. [In Indonesian].
Marbawa IKC, Astarini IA, Mahardika IG. 2014. Analisis Vegetasi Mangrove untuk Strategi Pengelolaan Ekosistem Berkelanjutan di Taman Nasional Bali Barat. Ecotrophic, 8 (1): 24-38. [Indonesian].
Machado I. C., Fagundes L., Henriques M. B., 2015 Multidimensional assessment of sustainability extractivism of mangrove oyster Crassostrea spp. in the estuary of Cananéia, São Paulo, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology 75:670-678.
Muhtadi A. Rudi HS, Rusdi L, Zulham AH. 2016. Ecological status of mangrove of Sembilan Island, Langkat District, North Sumatra Province. Depik 5 (3): 151-163.
Nfotabong-Atheull A, Din N, Koum LGE, Satyanarayana B, Koedam N, Dahdouh-Guebas F. 2011. Assessing forest products usage and local residents' perception of environmental changes in peri-urban and rural mangroves of Cameroon, Central Africa. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 7: 41. DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-7-41
Nguyen T. P., Tong V. A., Quoi L. P., Parnell, K. E., 2016 Mangrove restoration: establishment of a mangrove nursery on acid sulphate soils. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 28: 275-284.
Polidoro B. A., Carpenter K. E., Collins L., Duke N. C., Ellison A. M., Ellison J. C., Farnsworth E. J., Fernando E. S., Kathiresan K., Koedam N. E., Livingstone S. R., Miyagi T., Moore G. E., Nam V. N., Ong J. E., Primavera J. H., Salmo III S. G., Sanciango J. C., Sukardjo S., Wang Y., Yong J. W. H., 2010 The loss of species: mangrove extinction risk and geographic areas of global concern. PLoS ONE 5(4):e10095.
Prasetiyo DE, Ferbrian KA, Firman Z, Hani SP, Achmad S, Anisa B, Edy S. 2014. Kajian sosio-ekologis kawasan mangrove di Pesisir Pantai Kecamatan Biduk-Biduk, Kalimantan Timur. Omni-Akuatika, 13 (18): 1-9. [Indonesian]
Pendleton L., Donato D. C., Murray B. C., Crooks S., Aaron J. W., Sifleet S., Craft C., Fourqurean J. W., Kauffman J. B., Marba N., Megonigal P., Pidgeon E., Herr D., Gordon D., Baldera A., 2012 Estimating global “blue carbon” emissions from conversion and degradation of vegetated coastal ecosystems. PLoS ONE 7:e43542.
Primavera J. H., Esteban J. M. A., 2008 A review of mangrove rehabilitation in the Philippines: successes, failures and future prospects. Wetland Ecology Management 16:345-358.
Prasetiyo DE, Ferbrian KA, Firman Z, Hani SP, Achmad S, Anisa B, Edy S. 2014. Kajian sosio-ekologis kawasan mangrove di Pesisir Pantai Kecamatan Biduk-Biduk, Kalimantan Timur. Omni-Akuatika, 13 (18): 1-9. [Indonesian]
Pitcher T. J., Preikshot D., 2001 RAPFISH: A rapid appraisal technique to evaluate the sustainability status of fisheries. Fisheries Research 49:255-270.
Valiela I., Bowen J. L., York J. K., 2001 Mangrove forests: One of the world's threatened major tropical environments. BioScience 51:807-815..
Rugayah S. 2007. Mangrove plant diversity in Sepanjang Island, East Java. Biodiversitas 8 (2): 130-134.
Rusdiana O., Sukendro A., Baiquni A., 2015 [The growth of red mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) in nursery at Muara Village, Teluk Naga Subdistrict, Tangerang Regency]. Journal of Tropical Silviculture Science and Technology 6:3:172-178. [In Indonesian].
Richards D. R., Friess D. A., 2016 Rates and drivers of mangrove deforestation in Southeast Asia, 2000-2012. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 113:344-349.
Sanudin, H. H. A., dan Alfonsus. 2009. Kearifan Lokal dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Mangrove. Jurnal Info Sosial Ekonomi. 9(1) : 37-45
Setiawan H, Rini P, dan R. Garsetiasih. 2017. Perception and attitude of community towards mangrove ecosystem conservation at Tanakeke Island-South Sulawesi. Jurnal Penelitian Sosial dan Ekonomi Kehutanan 14 (1): 57-70.
Snedaker SC. 1984. The Mangroves of Asia and Oceania: Status and Research Planning. In: Soepadmo E, Rao AN, MacIntosh DJ (eds). 1984. Proceedings of the Asian Symposium on Mangrove Environment Research and Management, Kuala Lumpur, August 25-29, 1980.
Sugiono, 2004. Metode Penelitian. Bandung: ALfabeta.
Spalding M. D., Kainuma M., Collins L., 2010 World atlas of mangroves. Earthscan Ltd, Washington DC, 319 p.
Sudtongkong C., Webb E. L., 2008 Outcomes of state vs. community based mangrove management in southern Thailand. Ecology and Society 13(2):27, 23 p.
Setiawan H, Rini P, dan R. Garsetiasih. 2017. Perception and attitude of community towards mangrove ecosystem conservation at Tanakeke Island-South Sulawesi.
Thomas N., Lucas R., Bunting P., Hardy A., Rosenqvist A., Simard M., 2017 Distribution and drivers of global mangrove forest change, 1996–2010. PLoS ONE 12(6):e0179302.
Wouthuyzen S. dan Ahmad F. 2018. Mangrove Mapping Of The Lease Islands, Maluku Province Using Multi-Temporal And Multi-Sensor Of Landsat Satellite Images. Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia 3 (1): 19-37.
Zhang CG, Leung KK, Wong YS,, Tam NFY. 2007. Germination, growth and physiological responses of mangrove (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) to lubricating oil pollution. Environ Exp Bot 60: 127-13.
Agoramorth, Abecasis, R.C., Longnecker, N., Schmidt, L. and Clifton, J. 2008. Marine Conservation in Remote Small Island Settings: Factors Influencing Marine Protected Area Astablishment in The Azores. Mar Policy 40(1):1–9.
Balai Konservasi Sumberdaya Alam (BKSDA) Sumatera Utara. 2019. Kawasan Ekosistem Esensial Jaring Halus. Langkat.
Balai Besar Konservasi Sumberdaya Alam Sumatera Utara [BBKSDASU]. (2009). Rencana pengelolaan Suaka Margasatwa Karang Gading dan Langkat Timur Laut: periode 2010-2029. BBKSDASU. Medan. Tidak diterbitkan.
Balai Besar Konservasi dan Sumberdaya Alam (BBKSDA) Sumatera Utara. 2009. Suaka Margasatwa Karang Gading dan Langkat Timur Laut. Medan.
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Langkat. 2017. Langkat dalam Angka 2015. BPS. Langkat.
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Langkat. 2018. Langkat dalam Angka 2015. BPS. Langkat.
Bengen, D.G. 2000. Ekosistem dan sumber daya alam pesisir. Pusat Sumber Daya Pesisir dan Lautan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor
Bengen, D.G. 2001. Pedoman teknis pengenalan dan Pengelolaan Ekosistem mangrove. Pusat Kajian Sumber Daya Pesisir dan Lautan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
Bengen, G.D. 2004. Sinopsis Ekosistem dan Sumberdaya Alam Pesisir. Pusat Kajian Sumberdaya Pesisir dan Lautan –Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor, Indonesia.Biantoro et al . 2015.
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Langkat. 2017. Langkat dalam Angka 2015. BPS. Langkat.
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Langkat. 2018. Langkat dalam Angka 2015. BPS. Langkat.
Ferdinand, A. 2006. Metode Penelitian. Semarang Universitas Diponegoro
Giri C., Long L., Abbas S., Murali R. M., Qamer F. M., Pengra B., Thau D., 2015 Distribution and dynamics of mangrove forests of South Asia. Journal of Environmental Management 148:101-111.
Giri C, Ochieng E, Tieszen LL, Zhu Z, Singh A, Loveland T, Masek J, Duke N. 2011. Status and distribution of mangrove forests of the world using earth. Global Ecol Biogeogr 20: 154-159.
Hutchison J, Manica A, Swetnam R, Balmford A, Spalding M. 2014. Predicting global patterns in mangrove forest biomass. Conserv Lett 7 (3): 233-240.
Joshi HG, Ghose M. 2014. Community structure, species diversity, and aboveground biomass of the Sundarbans mangrove swamps. Trop Ecol 55 (3): 283-303.
Janmaimool P., 2016 The Establishment of a community-based mangrove forest management plan: lessons learned from mangrove forest conservation in the Nernkhor Sub-district, Rayong Province Thailand. Applied Environmental Research 38:59-75.
Jusoff K., 2013 Review: Malaysian mangrove forests and their significance to the coastal marine environment. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 22:979-1005.
Kavanagh P., Pitcher T. J., 2004 Implementing microsoft excel software for Rapfish: A technique for the rapid appraisal of fisheries status. Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, 75p
Kusmana C., 2014 Distribution and current status of mangrove forests in Indonesia. In: Mangrove ecosystem of Asia: status, challenges and management strategies. Hanum F. I., Latiff A., Hakeem K. R., Ozturk M. (eds), Springer, pp. 37-60.
Kusmana C, Onrizal, dan Sudarmadji. 2003. Jenis-Jenis Pohon Mangrove di Teluk Bintuni, Papua. Fakultas Kehutanan, Institut Pertanian Bogor dan PT Bintuni Utama Murni Wood Industries, Bogor. [Indonesian]
Kathiresan K., Bingham B. L., 2001 Biology of mangrove and mangrove ecosystems. Advances in Marine Biology 40:81?251.
Karlina E., Kusmana C., Marimin, Bismark M., 2016 [Analysis of sustainability of mangrove protection forest management in Batu Ampar, Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan Province]. Journal of Forestry Policy Analysis 13:201-219. [In Indonesian].
Marbawa IKC, Astarini IA, Mahardika IG. 2014. Analisis Vegetasi Mangrove untuk Strategi Pengelolaan Ekosistem Berkelanjutan di Taman Nasional Bali Barat. Ecotrophic, 8 (1): 24-38. [Indonesian].
Machado I. C., Fagundes L., Henriques M. B., 2015 Multidimensional assessment of sustainability extractivism of mangrove oyster Crassostrea spp. in the estuary of Cananéia, São Paulo, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology 75:670-678.
Muhtadi A. Rudi HS, Rusdi L, Zulham AH. 2016. Ecological status of mangrove of Sembilan Island, Langkat District, North Sumatra Province. Depik 5 (3): 151-163.
Nfotabong-Atheull A, Din N, Koum LGE, Satyanarayana B, Koedam N, Dahdouh-Guebas F. 2011. Assessing forest products usage and local residents' perception of environmental changes in peri-urban and rural mangroves of Cameroon, Central Africa. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 7: 41. DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-7-41
Nguyen T. P., Tong V. A., Quoi L. P., Parnell, K. E., 2016 Mangrove restoration: establishment of a mangrove nursery on acid sulphate soils. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 28: 275-284.
Polidoro B. A., Carpenter K. E., Collins L., Duke N. C., Ellison A. M., Ellison J. C., Farnsworth E. J., Fernando E. S., Kathiresan K., Koedam N. E., Livingstone S. R., Miyagi T., Moore G. E., Nam V. N., Ong J. E., Primavera J. H., Salmo III S. G., Sanciango J. C., Sukardjo S., Wang Y., Yong J. W. H., 2010 The loss of species: mangrove extinction risk and geographic areas of global concern. PLoS ONE 5(4):e10095.
Prasetiyo DE, Ferbrian KA, Firman Z, Hani SP, Achmad S, Anisa B, Edy S. 2014. Kajian sosio-ekologis kawasan mangrove di Pesisir Pantai Kecamatan Biduk-Biduk, Kalimantan Timur. Omni-Akuatika, 13 (18): 1-9. [Indonesian]
Pendleton L., Donato D. C., Murray B. C., Crooks S., Aaron J. W., Sifleet S., Craft C., Fourqurean J. W., Kauffman J. B., Marba N., Megonigal P., Pidgeon E., Herr D., Gordon D., Baldera A., 2012 Estimating global “blue carbon” emissions from conversion and degradation of vegetated coastal ecosystems. PLoS ONE 7:e43542.
Primavera J. H., Esteban J. M. A., 2008 A review of mangrove rehabilitation in the Philippines: successes, failures and future prospects. Wetland Ecology Management 16:345-358.
Prasetiyo DE, Ferbrian KA, Firman Z, Hani SP, Achmad S, Anisa B, Edy S. 2014. Kajian sosio-ekologis kawasan mangrove di Pesisir Pantai Kecamatan Biduk-Biduk, Kalimantan Timur. Omni-Akuatika, 13 (18): 1-9. [Indonesian]
Pitcher T. J., Preikshot D., 2001 RAPFISH: A rapid appraisal technique to evaluate the sustainability status of fisheries. Fisheries Research 49:255-270.
Valiela I., Bowen J. L., York J. K., 2001 Mangrove forests: One of the world's threatened major tropical environments. BioScience 51:807-815..
Rugayah S. 2007. Mangrove plant diversity in Sepanjang Island, East Java. Biodiversitas 8 (2): 130-134.
Rusdiana O., Sukendro A., Baiquni A., 2015 [The growth of red mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) in nursery at Muara Village, Teluk Naga Subdistrict, Tangerang Regency]. Journal of Tropical Silviculture Science and Technology 6:3:172-178. [In Indonesian].
Richards D. R., Friess D. A., 2016 Rates and drivers of mangrove deforestation in Southeast Asia, 2000-2012. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 113:344-349.
Sanudin, H. H. A., dan Alfonsus. 2009. Kearifan Lokal dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Mangrove. Jurnal Info Sosial Ekonomi. 9(1) : 37-45
Setiawan H, Rini P, dan R. Garsetiasih. 2017. Perception and attitude of community towards mangrove ecosystem conservation at Tanakeke Island-South Sulawesi. Jurnal Penelitian Sosial dan Ekonomi Kehutanan 14 (1): 57-70.
Snedaker SC. 1984. The Mangroves of Asia and Oceania: Status and Research Planning. In: Soepadmo E, Rao AN, MacIntosh DJ (eds). 1984. Proceedings of the Asian Symposium on Mangrove Environment Research and Management, Kuala Lumpur, August 25-29, 1980.
Sugiono, 2004. Metode Penelitian. Bandung: ALfabeta.
Spalding M. D., Kainuma M., Collins L., 2010 World atlas of mangroves. Earthscan Ltd, Washington DC, 319 p.
Sudtongkong C., Webb E. L., 2008 Outcomes of state vs. community based mangrove management in southern Thailand. Ecology and Society 13(2):27, 23 p.
Setiawan H, Rini P, dan R. Garsetiasih. 2017. Perception and attitude of community towards mangrove ecosystem conservation at Tanakeke Island-South Sulawesi.
Thomas N., Lucas R., Bunting P., Hardy A., Rosenqvist A., Simard M., 2017 Distribution and drivers of global mangrove forest change, 1996–2010. PLoS ONE 12(6):e0179302.
Wouthuyzen S. dan Ahmad F. 2018. Mangrove Mapping Of The Lease Islands, Maluku Province Using Multi-Temporal And Multi-Sensor Of Landsat Satellite Images. Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia 3 (1): 19-37.
Zhang CG, Leung KK, Wong YS,, Tam NFY. 2007. Germination, growth and physiological responses of mangrove (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) to lubricating oil pollution. Environ Exp Bot 60: 127-13.
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