Nesting behavior of Bornean immature Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in Nyaru Menteng Arboretum School, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
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Abstract. Fauzi F, Suemarno, Afandhi A, Leksono AS. 2020. Nesting behavior of Bornean immature Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in Nyaru Menteng Arboretum School, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2172-2179. This research aimed at analyzing the nesting behavior of Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in Nyaru Menteng Arboretum, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The objects of observation were the immature orangutan nest, and the type of nest tree. The purposive sampling technique was used because not all immature Orangutan could make a nest. The Focal animal sampling method was used to determine the daily behavior and nets building activity. It involved observing and recording the behavior of five young Orangutans over a certain period of time and analyzing the nest made. The results of the study established that the daily activity of immature Orangutan on an average sequentially ranges from feeding 17.18%, moving 23.92%, resting 26.34%, and social behavior 32.57%. The process of making a nest begins with finding a suitable branch, bending and breaking twigs, and then arranging the twigs and leaves as a mattress. The duration of building a nest was 5.00 to 6.44 minutes, the preferred nest tree was Palaquium xanthochymum and Shorea spp., and the direction of the nest more facing west.
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References
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Spehar SN, Rayadin Y. 2017. Habitat use of Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus morio) in an industrial forestry plantation in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Int. J. Primatol. 38: 358–384.
Van Casteren A, Sellers WI, Thorpe SKS, Coward S, Crompton RH, Ennos AR. 2012. Why don’t branches snap? The mechanics of bending failure in three temperate angiosperm trees. Trees 26 789:797.
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Prasetyo D, Ancrenaz M, Morrogh-Bernard H, Utami Atmoko SS, Wich SA et al. 2009. Nest building in orangutans. In: Wich, S.A., Utami-Atmoko, S.S., Mitra, S.T., van Schaik, C.P., eds. Orangutans: Geographic Variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp 351–361.
Wich SA, Utami-Atmoko SS, Mitra ST, Rijksen HD, Sch¨urmann C, van Hooff J, van Schaik CP. 2004. Life history of Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii). J. Hum. Evol. 47: 385–398.
Wich SA, Buij R, van Schaik CP. 2004. Determinants of orangutan density in the dryland forests of the Leuser, Primates. 45(3): 177-182.
Delgado RA, van Schaik CP. 2000. The behavioral ecology and conservation of the orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus): a tale of two islands. Evol Anthropol. 9: 201–218. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6505(2000)9:5<201::AID-EVAN2>3.0.CO;2-Y. [CrossRef]
Descovich KA, Galdikas BM, Tribe A, Lisle A, Phillips CJ. 2011. Fostering appropriate behavior in rehabilitant orangutans (pongo pygmaeus). Int. Primatol 32: 616-633. DOI 10.1007/s10764-011-9491-1.
Fonna I, Sutekad D, Iqbar. 2015. Aktivitas harian orangutan sumatera (pongo abelii) reintrodukasi di Stasiun Reintroduksi Orangutan Jantho, Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biotik. ISBN: 978-602-18962-5-9: 90-95.
Grundmann E. 2006. Back to the wild: Will re-introduction and rehabilitation help the long-termconservation of orangutans in Indonesia? Social Sciences Information. 45(2): 265–284.
Hockings KJ, McLennan MR, Carvalho S, Ancrenaz M, Bobe R. et al. 2015. Apes in the Anthropocene: Flexibility and survival. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 30: 215–222.
Kuncoro P. 2001. Aktivitas harian orangutan kalimantan (Pongo pygmaeus Linnaeus,1760) rehabilitan di Hutan Lindung Pegunungan Meratus Kaltim. Bali: Jurusan Biologi FMIPA, Universitas Udayana.
MacKinnon J. 1974. The Behavior and Ecology of Wild Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Anim. Behav, 22: 3-74.
McKinney T. 2015. A classification system for describing anthropogenic influence on nonhuman primate populations. American Journal of Primatology. 77: 715–726.
Purnawan H, Prayogo H, Anwari MS. 2016. Perilaku harian orangutan (Pongo Pygmaeus) di Yiari Ketapang, Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal Hutan Lestari. 4(4).
Rayadin Y, Saitoh T. 2009 Individual variation in nest size and nest site features of the Bornean Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). American Journal of Primatology. 71: 393–399.
Russon A, Handayani DP, Kuncoro P, Ferisa A. 2007. Orangutans leaf-carrying for nest-building : Toward unraveling cultural processes. Animal Cognition. 10: 189-202.
Spehar SN, Rayadin Y. 2017. Habitat use of Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus morio) in an industrial forestry plantation in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Int. J. Primatol. 38: 358–384.
Van Casteren A, Sellers WI, Thorpe SKS, Coward S, Crompton RH, Ennos AR. 2012. Why don’t branches snap? The mechanics of bending failure in three temperate angiosperm trees. Trees 26 789:797.
Van Noordwijk, Van Schaik. 2005. Development of ecological competence in Sumatran orangutans. American Journal Anthropology. 131(3): 384-401.
Prasetyo D, Ancrenaz M, Morrogh-Bernard H, Utami Atmoko SS, Wich SA et al. 2009. Nest building in orangutans. In: Wich, S.A., Utami-Atmoko, S.S., Mitra, S.T., van Schaik, C.P., eds. Orangutans: Geographic Variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp 351–361.
Wich SA, Utami-Atmoko SS, Mitra ST, Rijksen HD, Sch¨urmann C, van Hooff J, van Schaik CP. 2004. Life history of Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii). J. Hum. Evol. 47: 385–398.
Wich SA, Buij R, van Schaik CP. 2004. Determinants of orangutan density in the dryland forests of the Leuser, Primates. 45(3): 177-182.
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