Short Communication: A comparison of stand structure, species diversity and aboveground biomass between natural and planted mangroves in Sikka, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Issue
Section
Articles
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstract
Abstract. Matatula J, Afandi AY, Wirabuana PYAP. 2021. Short Communication: A comparison of stand structure, species diversity and aboveground biomass between natural and planted mangroves in Sikka, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1098-1103. The effectiveness of mangroves reforestation can be evaluated by comparing the stand dynamics of planted mangroves with natural mangroves in similar site conditions. This study investigated stand structure, species diversity and aboveground biomass between natural and planted mangroves in Sikka, East Nusa Tenggara. A field survey was conducted using quadrat transect method for vegetation measurement, especially related to species composition and its size distribution. Several parameters were recorded in field observation, including number of species, diameter, height, volume, and aboveground biomass. The stand structure of both mangroves was demonstrated by the distribution of diameter class while the species diversity was described using three parameters, i.e., richness, heterogeneity, and evenness. Moreover, the IVI of each species recorded was also calculated to understand the contribution of species in the mangrove ecosystems. The comparison of stand characteristics between natural and planted mangroves was examined by Mann-Whitney test and Spearman Correlation was also applied to understand the relationship between IVI and aboveground biomass. The results showed that the diameter and height between the natural and planted mangroves significantly differed (P<0.05). In contrast, there was no significant difference in tree density, volume, and aboveground biomass (P<0.05). The stand structure of both mangrove stands followed the pattern of J-inverse in which the frequency of trees decreased with the increase in diameter class. Species diversity in both stands was statistically equal in richness, heterogeneity, and evenness (P>0.05) even though there were some specific species which only observed in the natural or planted mangroves. The most superior species in the planted mangroves was Rhizophora mucronata (IVI = 96.99) while the most important plant in the natural mangroves was Sonneratia alba (IVI = 82.49). Our study found there was a significant correlation between IVI and aboveground biomass in which species with higher IVI indicated greater aboveground biomass. Based on these findings, restoration efforts of degraded mangroves in Sikka have been effective. The restoration, which has been conducted for almost three decades, has not only brought back its vegetation cover but also the functional traits of the mangrove stand to mimic with natural mangroves in the area.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
References
Angelini A, Portoghesi L, Corona, P. Chianucci, F. 2015. Structural attribus of stand overstory and light under the canopy. Ann. Silvic. Res. 39: 23–31. https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-993
Bauhus J, McElhinny CM, Alcorn, P. 2002. Stand structure and tree growth in uneven-aged spotted gum (Corymbia maculata) forests: Some implications for management. Forestry 75: 451–456. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/75.4.451
Dasgupta S, Islam MS, Huq M, Khan ZH, Hasib MR. 2019. Quantifying the protective capacity of mangroves from storm surges in coastal Bangladesh. PLoS One 14: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214079
Debrot AO, Veldhuizen A, van den Burg SWK, Klapwijk CJ, Islam MN, Alam MI, Ahsan MN, Ahmed MU, Hasan SR, Fadilah R, Noor YR, Pribadi R, Rejeki S, Damastuti E, Koopmanschap E, Reinhard S, Scheltinga CT, Verburg C, Poelman M, 2020. Non-timber forest product livelihood-focused interventions in support of mangrove restoration: A call to action. Forests 11: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11111224
Dinilhuda A, Akbar AA, Jumiati, Herawati H. 2020. Potentials of mangrove ecosystem as storage of carbon for global warming mitigation. Biodiversitas J. Biol. Divers. 21: 5353–5362. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d211141
Eddy S, Ridho MR, Iskandar I, Mulyana A. 2019. Species composition and structure of degraded mangrove vegetation in the Air Telang Protected Forest, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas J. Biol. Divers. 20: 2119–2127. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200804
Gebeyehu G, Soromessa T, Bekele T, Teketay D. 2019. Species composition, stand structure, and regeneration status of tree species in dry Afromontane forests of Awi Zone, northwestern Ethiopia. Ecosyst. Heal. Sustain. 5: 199–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/20964129.2019.1664938
Guèze M, Luz AC, Paneque-Gálvez J, Macía MJ, Orta-Martínez M, Pino J, Reyes-García V. 2014. Are ecologically important tree species the most useful? a case study from indigenous people in the Bolivian Amazon. Econ. Bot. 68: 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12231-014-9257-8
Hossain M, Shaikh MAA, Saha C, Abdullah SMR, Saha S, Siddique MRH. 2016. Above-ground biomass, nutrients and carbon in Aegiceras corniculatum of the Sundarbans. Open J. For. 6: 72–81. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2016.62007
Kangkuso A, Jamili J, Septiana A, Raya R, Sahidin I, Rianse U, Rahim S, Alfirman A, Sharma S, Nadaoka K. 2016. Allometric models and aboveground biomass of Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. forest in Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Forest Sci. Technol. 12: 43–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2015.1034191
Kasim F, Kadim MK, Nursinar S, Karim Z, Lamalango A. 2019. Comparison of true mangrove stands in Dudepo and Ponelo islands, north Gorontalo district, Indonesia. Biodiversitas J. Biol. Divers. 20: 259–266. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200142
Koh H, Teh S, Kh’ng X, Raja Barizan R. 2018. Mangrove Forests?: Protection Against. J. Trop. For. Sci. 30: 446–460.
Komiyama A, Havanond S, Srisawatt W, Mochida Y, Fujimoto K, Ohnishi T, Ishihara S, Miyagi T. 2000. Top/root biomass ratio of a secondary mangrove (Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob.) forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 139: 127–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00339-4
Krisnawati H. 2012. Monograph allometric models for estimating tree biomass at various ecosystems types in Indonesia. Ministry of Forestry, Bogor. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.4139.2161
Kusmana C, Sukristijiono S. 2016. Mangrove resource uses by local community in Indonesia. J. Nat. Resour. Environ. Manag. 6: 217–224. https://doi.org/10.19081/jpsl.2016.6.2.217
Luo Z, Sun OJ, Xu H. 2010. A comparison of species composition and stand structure between planted and natural mangrove forests in Shenzhen Bay, South China. J. Plant Ecol. 3: 165–174. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtq004
Marois DE, Mitsch WJ. 2015. Coastal protection from tsunamis and cyclones provided by mangrove wetlands - A review. Int. J. Biodivers. Sci. Ecosyst. Serv. Manag. 11: 71–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2014.997292
Njana MA. 2017. Indirect methods of tree biomass estimation and their uncertainties. South. For. 79: 41–49. https://doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2016.1233753
Pamoengkas, P., Siregar, I.Z., Dwisutono, A.N., 2018. Stand structure and species composition of merbau in logged-over forest in Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19, 163–171. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190123
Pukkala T, Lähde E, Laiho O, 2010. Optimizing the structure and management of uneven-sized stands of Finland. Forestry 83: 129–142. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpp037
Richards DR, Friess DA. 2016. Rates and drivers of mangrove deforestation in Southeast Asia, 2000-2012. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 113: 344–349. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1510272113
Sadono R, Soeprijadi D, Susanti A, Matatula J, Pujiono E, Idris F, Wirabuana PYAP. 2020a. Local indigenous strategy to rehabilitate and conserve mangrove ecosystem in the southeastern Gulf of Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas J. Biol. Divers. 21: 1250–1257. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210353
Sadono R, Soeprijadi D, Susanti A, Wirabuana PYAP, Matatula J. 2020b. Short communication: Species composition and growth performance of mangrove forest at the coast of tanah merah, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas J. Biol. Divers. 21: 5800–5804. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d211242
Sghaier T, Cañellas I, Calama R, Sánchez-González M. 2016. Modelling diameter distribution of Tetraclinis articulata in Tunisia using normal and weibull distributions with parameters depending on stand variables. IForest 9: 702–709. https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor1688-008
Sihombing VS, Gunawan H, Sawitri R. 2017. Diversity and community structure of fish, plankton and benthos in Karangsong mangrove conservation areas, Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas J. Biol. Divers. 18: 601–608. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d180222
Singh JK. 2020. Structural characteristics of mangrove forest in different coastal habitats of Gulf of Khambhat arid region of Gujarat, west coast of India. Heliyon 6: e04685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04685
Sinha A, Rämö J, Malo P, Kallio M, Tahvonen O. 2017. Optimal management of naturally regenerating uneven-aged forests. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 256: 886–900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2016.06.071
Susilo H. Takahashi Y. Yabe M. 2017. The opportunity cost of labor for valuing mangrove restoration in Mahakam Delta, Indonesia. Sustainability 9: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122169
Taillardat P. Friess DA, Lupascu M. 2018. Mangrove blue carbon strategies for climate change mitigation are most effective at the national scale. Biol. Lett. 14: 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0251
Turkis S, Elmas E. 2018. Tree species diversity and importance value of different forest communities in Yenice forests. Fresenius Environ. Bull. 27: 4440–4447.
Westphal C, Tremer N, Oheimb G, Hansen J, Gadow K, Härdtle W. 2006. Is the reverse J-shaped diameter distribution universally applicable in European virgin beech forests? For. Ecol. Manage. 223: 75–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.057
Yuliana E, Hewindati YT, Winata AD, Djatmiko WA, Rahadiati ATI. 2019. Diversity and characteristics of mangrove vegetation in pulau rimau protection forest, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas J. Biol. Divers. 20: 1215–1221. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200438
Bauhus J, McElhinny CM, Alcorn, P. 2002. Stand structure and tree growth in uneven-aged spotted gum (Corymbia maculata) forests: Some implications for management. Forestry 75: 451–456. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/75.4.451
Dasgupta S, Islam MS, Huq M, Khan ZH, Hasib MR. 2019. Quantifying the protective capacity of mangroves from storm surges in coastal Bangladesh. PLoS One 14: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214079
Debrot AO, Veldhuizen A, van den Burg SWK, Klapwijk CJ, Islam MN, Alam MI, Ahsan MN, Ahmed MU, Hasan SR, Fadilah R, Noor YR, Pribadi R, Rejeki S, Damastuti E, Koopmanschap E, Reinhard S, Scheltinga CT, Verburg C, Poelman M, 2020. Non-timber forest product livelihood-focused interventions in support of mangrove restoration: A call to action. Forests 11: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11111224
Dinilhuda A, Akbar AA, Jumiati, Herawati H. 2020. Potentials of mangrove ecosystem as storage of carbon for global warming mitigation. Biodiversitas J. Biol. Divers. 21: 5353–5362. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d211141
Eddy S, Ridho MR, Iskandar I, Mulyana A. 2019. Species composition and structure of degraded mangrove vegetation in the Air Telang Protected Forest, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas J. Biol. Divers. 20: 2119–2127. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200804
Gebeyehu G, Soromessa T, Bekele T, Teketay D. 2019. Species composition, stand structure, and regeneration status of tree species in dry Afromontane forests of Awi Zone, northwestern Ethiopia. Ecosyst. Heal. Sustain. 5: 199–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/20964129.2019.1664938
Guèze M, Luz AC, Paneque-Gálvez J, Macía MJ, Orta-Martínez M, Pino J, Reyes-García V. 2014. Are ecologically important tree species the most useful? a case study from indigenous people in the Bolivian Amazon. Econ. Bot. 68: 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12231-014-9257-8
Hossain M, Shaikh MAA, Saha C, Abdullah SMR, Saha S, Siddique MRH. 2016. Above-ground biomass, nutrients and carbon in Aegiceras corniculatum of the Sundarbans. Open J. For. 6: 72–81. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2016.62007
Kangkuso A, Jamili J, Septiana A, Raya R, Sahidin I, Rianse U, Rahim S, Alfirman A, Sharma S, Nadaoka K. 2016. Allometric models and aboveground biomass of Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. forest in Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Forest Sci. Technol. 12: 43–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2015.1034191
Kasim F, Kadim MK, Nursinar S, Karim Z, Lamalango A. 2019. Comparison of true mangrove stands in Dudepo and Ponelo islands, north Gorontalo district, Indonesia. Biodiversitas J. Biol. Divers. 20: 259–266. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200142
Koh H, Teh S, Kh’ng X, Raja Barizan R. 2018. Mangrove Forests?: Protection Against. J. Trop. For. Sci. 30: 446–460.
Komiyama A, Havanond S, Srisawatt W, Mochida Y, Fujimoto K, Ohnishi T, Ishihara S, Miyagi T. 2000. Top/root biomass ratio of a secondary mangrove (Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob.) forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 139: 127–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00339-4
Krisnawati H. 2012. Monograph allometric models for estimating tree biomass at various ecosystems types in Indonesia. Ministry of Forestry, Bogor. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.4139.2161
Kusmana C, Sukristijiono S. 2016. Mangrove resource uses by local community in Indonesia. J. Nat. Resour. Environ. Manag. 6: 217–224. https://doi.org/10.19081/jpsl.2016.6.2.217
Luo Z, Sun OJ, Xu H. 2010. A comparison of species composition and stand structure between planted and natural mangrove forests in Shenzhen Bay, South China. J. Plant Ecol. 3: 165–174. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtq004
Marois DE, Mitsch WJ. 2015. Coastal protection from tsunamis and cyclones provided by mangrove wetlands - A review. Int. J. Biodivers. Sci. Ecosyst. Serv. Manag. 11: 71–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2014.997292
Njana MA. 2017. Indirect methods of tree biomass estimation and their uncertainties. South. For. 79: 41–49. https://doi.org/10.2989/20702620.2016.1233753
Pamoengkas, P., Siregar, I.Z., Dwisutono, A.N., 2018. Stand structure and species composition of merbau in logged-over forest in Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19, 163–171. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190123
Pukkala T, Lähde E, Laiho O, 2010. Optimizing the structure and management of uneven-sized stands of Finland. Forestry 83: 129–142. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpp037
Richards DR, Friess DA. 2016. Rates and drivers of mangrove deforestation in Southeast Asia, 2000-2012. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 113: 344–349. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1510272113
Sadono R, Soeprijadi D, Susanti A, Matatula J, Pujiono E, Idris F, Wirabuana PYAP. 2020a. Local indigenous strategy to rehabilitate and conserve mangrove ecosystem in the southeastern Gulf of Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas J. Biol. Divers. 21: 1250–1257. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210353
Sadono R, Soeprijadi D, Susanti A, Wirabuana PYAP, Matatula J. 2020b. Short communication: Species composition and growth performance of mangrove forest at the coast of tanah merah, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas J. Biol. Divers. 21: 5800–5804. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d211242
Sghaier T, Cañellas I, Calama R, Sánchez-González M. 2016. Modelling diameter distribution of Tetraclinis articulata in Tunisia using normal and weibull distributions with parameters depending on stand variables. IForest 9: 702–709. https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor1688-008
Sihombing VS, Gunawan H, Sawitri R. 2017. Diversity and community structure of fish, plankton and benthos in Karangsong mangrove conservation areas, Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas J. Biol. Divers. 18: 601–608. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d180222
Singh JK. 2020. Structural characteristics of mangrove forest in different coastal habitats of Gulf of Khambhat arid region of Gujarat, west coast of India. Heliyon 6: e04685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04685
Sinha A, Rämö J, Malo P, Kallio M, Tahvonen O. 2017. Optimal management of naturally regenerating uneven-aged forests. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 256: 886–900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2016.06.071
Susilo H. Takahashi Y. Yabe M. 2017. The opportunity cost of labor for valuing mangrove restoration in Mahakam Delta, Indonesia. Sustainability 9: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122169
Taillardat P. Friess DA, Lupascu M. 2018. Mangrove blue carbon strategies for climate change mitigation are most effective at the national scale. Biol. Lett. 14: 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0251
Turkis S, Elmas E. 2018. Tree species diversity and importance value of different forest communities in Yenice forests. Fresenius Environ. Bull. 27: 4440–4447.
Westphal C, Tremer N, Oheimb G, Hansen J, Gadow K, Härdtle W. 2006. Is the reverse J-shaped diameter distribution universally applicable in European virgin beech forests? For. Ecol. Manage. 223: 75–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.057
Yuliana E, Hewindati YT, Winata AD, Djatmiko WA, Rahadiati ATI. 2019. Diversity and characteristics of mangrove vegetation in pulau rimau protection forest, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas J. Biol. Divers. 20: 1215–1221. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200438
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- PANDU YUDHA ADI PUTRA WIRABUANA, RAHMANTA SETIAHADI, RONGGO SADONO, MARTIN LUKITO, DJOKO SETYO MARTONO, JERIELS MATATULA, Allometric equations for estimating biomass of community forest tree species in Madiun, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 21 No. 9 (2020)
- YUSANTO NUGROHO, MOCHAMAD ARIEF SOENDJOTO, SUYANTO, JERIELS MATATULA, SYAMSU ALAM, PANDU YUDHA ADI PUTRA WIRABUANA, Traditional medicinal plants and their utilization by local communities around Lambung Mangkurat Education Forests, South Kalimantan, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022)
- RONGGO SADONO, DJOKO SOEPRIJADI, ARI SUSANTI, JERIELS MATATULA, EKO PUJIONO, FAHMI IDRIS, PANDU YUDHA ADI PUTRA WIRABUANA, Local indigenous strategy to rehabilitate and conserve mangrove ecosystem in the southeastern Gulf of Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
- RONGGO SADONO, DJOKO SOEPRIJADI, ARI SUSANTI, PANDU YUDHA ADI PUTRA WIRABUANA, JERIELS MATATULA, Species composition and growth performance of mangrove forest at the coast of Tanah Merah, East Nusa Tenggara , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 21 No. 12 (2020)
- PANDU YUDHA ADI PUTRA WIRABUANA, Syamsu Alam, Jeriels Matatula, Moehar Marghiy Harahap, Yusanto Nugroho, Fahmi Idris, Alnus Meinata, Dewa Ayu Sekar, The growth, aboveground biomass, crown development, and leaf characteristics of three Eucalyptus species at initial stage of planting in Jepara, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 22 No. 5 (2021)
- JERIELS MATATULA, ERNY POEDJIRAHAJOE, SATYAWAN PUDYATMOKO, RONGGO SADONO, Spatial distribution of salinity, mud thickness and slope along mangrove ecosystem of the coast of Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 20 No. 6 (2019)
- YUSANTO NUGROHO, SUYANTO, SUPANDI, JERIELS MATATULA, PANDU YUDHA ADI PUTRA WIRABUANA, Influence of understorey diversity on wildlife at the coal mining reclamation area in South Kalimantan, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 22 No. 9 (2021)
- YUSANTO NUGROHO, SUYANTO, DINDIN MAKINUDIN, SILVYNA ADITIA, DINDA DEWI YULIMASITA, AHMAD YUSUF AFANDI, MOEHAR MARAGHIY HARAHAP, JERIELS MATATULA, PANDU YUDHA ADI PUTRA WIRABUANA, Vegetation diversity, structure and composition of three forest ecosystems in Angsana coastal area, South Kalimantan, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 23 No. 5 (2022)
- SYAMSU ALAM, SAHTA GINTING, M. TUFAILA HEMON, SITTI LEOMO, LAODE MUHAMMAD HARJONI KILOWASID, JUFRI KARIM KARIM, YUSANTO NUGROHO, JERIELS MATATULA, PANDU YUDHA ADI PUTRA WIRABUANA, Influence of land cover types on soil quality and carbon storage in Moramo Education Estate, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia , Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity: Vol. 23 No. 9 (2022)